Sections of the Constitutional Act, 1982 Relating to the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada
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February 1983
SECTIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 RELATING TO THE
A’B””o””R”I”G’ ‘1″ “N”A”‘L’ ” “‘p””E”””””‘op‘L”E'”‘s”‘“ o” F EANIIBA
In addition to mentioning those rights and freedoms that apply
equally to all Canadians, the Constitution Act, 1982 contains
specific mention of the rights of the aboriginal peoples of
Canada.
The Canadian Charter of Rights and‘Freedoms (Part I of the
Constitution Act, 1982), Section 25 states:
25. The guarantee in this Charter of certain
rights and freedoms shall not be construed
so as to abrogate or derogate from any
aboriginal, treaty or other rights or
freedoms that pertain to the aboriginal
peoples of Canada including
(a)
(b)
any rights or freedoms that have been
recognized by the Royal Proclamation of
October 7, 1763; and
any rights or freedoms that may be
acquired by the aboriginal peoples of
Canada by way of land claims
settlement.
Section 35 of Part II of the Act makes specific reference to
rights of aboriginal peoples of Canada and defines who they
are:
35. (1)
(2)
The existing aboriginal and treaty
rights of the aboriginal peoples of
Canada are hereby recognized and
affirmed.
In this Act, “aboriginal peoples of
Canada” includes the Indian, Inuit and
Métis peoples of Canada. »
Participation by aboriginal peoples at a Constitutional
Conference of First Ministers is specified in Section 37(2):
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37.
(1) A constitutional conference composed of
(2)
(3)
the Prime Minister of Canada and the
first ministers of the provinces shall
be convened by the Prime Minister of
Canada within one year after this Part
comes into force.
The conference convened under subsection
(1) shall have included in its agenda an
item respecting constitutional matters
that directly affect the aboriginal
peoples of Canada, including the
identification and definition of the
rights of those peoples to be included
in the Constitution of Canada, and the
Prime Minister of Canada shall invite
representatives of those peoples to
participate in the discussions on that
item.
The Prime Minister of Canada shall
invite elected representatives of the
governments of the Yukon Territory and
the Northwest Territories to participate
in the discussions on any item on the
agenda of the conference convened under
subsection (1) that, in the opinion of
the Prime Minister, directly affects the
Yukon Territory and the Northwest
Territories.
Subsection 52(1) is also of relevance:
52.
(1) The Constitution of Canada is the
supreme law of Canada, and any law that
is inconsistent with the provisions of
the Constitution is, to the extent of
the inconsistency, of no force or
effect.
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‘2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Amending formula revisions, including:
– Amendments on aboriginal matters not to
be subject to provincial opting out
(section 42)
– Consent clause
Self-government
Repeal of section 42(l)(e) and (f)
Amendments to Part III, including:
— Equalization ) Resourcing of
– Cost-sharing ) aboriginal
— Service delivery). governments
Ongoing process, including further meetings
of first ministers, and the entrenchment of
necessary mechanisms to implement rights.
Aboriginal and treaty rights are protected by section 35 of the
Constitution Act,
1982. Identification and clarification of
these rights is a very complex task and will likely require
continuing discussions, which the First Ministers Conference
will formally put in place.
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February 1983
RIGHTS OF INDIAN WOMEN
Since 1869, various sections of the Indian Act have
discriminated against Indian women on the basis of sex and
marital status. The elimination of these discriminatory
sections has taken on new urgency with the proclamation of the
Constitution Act, 1982. Section 15 (1) of the Charter of
Rights and Freedoms guarantees equality “before and under the
law” and the “equal protection and equal benefit of the law”
without discrimination based on sex. This section comes into
force in 1985, three years after the enactment of the Charter.
Once Section 15 (1) has come into force, there is a possibility
that provisions of the Indian Act that discriminate on the
basis of sex will be found inoperative.
Sub-committee on Indian women and the Indian Act
On August 4, 1982, Indian Affairs and Northern Development
Minister John Munro announced that the question of how to amend
the Indian Act to end discrimination based on sex had been
referred to.a sub-committee on Indian women and the Indian Act,
following al1—party agreement in the House of Commons. For the
first time in parliamentary history, the sub~committee included
three ex-officio members, representing the Assembly of First
Nations, the Native Council of Canada, and the Native Women’s
Association of Canada.
The sub-committee reported on September 22, 1982 after public
hearings that’received testimony from 27 groups and
associations. The report recommended that the government
eliminate the sex discrimination caused by Section 12 (l)(b) of
the Indian Act, under which Indian women who marry non~Indians
lose their status and band membership. The committee
recommended that in the future no Indian lose status because of
marriage, that non-Indian spouses not gain status upon marriage
to an Indian and that non-Indian spouses have rights to reside
on reserves as determined by band bylaws. Furthermore, it
recommended a program of reinstatement so these Indian women
and their first-generation children would regain their lost
status and band membership.
The sub-committee also recommended that other provisions in the
Indian Act that discriminate against women, such as the
automatic transferal of an Indian woman to the band of her
husband, should be eliminated. In addition, the sub-committee
recommended that Parliament appropriate sufficient funds to
18.3.3
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provide services and programs currently available to status
Indians, and other resources as needed, to those persons who
are reinstated.
The federal government is at present studying the sub-
committee’s report and has circulated it to all Indian bands to
give them an opportunity to comment on its contents.
How the Indian Act affects women
Indians in Canada are recognized as having special rights and a
special relationship with the federal government. Criteria for
determining who is an Indian, and therefore who is entitled to
the special rights, are set out in the Indian Act. The act
defines Indians in terms of who has the right to use and
benefit from reserve lands and Indian monies.
All band members are Indians, and virtually all status Indians
are also band members. only those Indians who are members of a
particular band have the right to reside on reserve land set
aside for that band; have the right to share in the capital
assets held for or by the band; have a voice in the decision—
making process affecting band assets and a vote in the
political institutions of the band. Therefore the criteria for
membership in the band, set out in the Indian Act, have a
profound effect on the lives of Indian people.
Five clauses of the Indian Act are considered discriminatory
against Indian women. The effects of the principal provisions
are as follows:
Section 11 (l) f: the gaining of Indian status by non-
Indian women upon marriage to Indian men;
Section 12 (l)(a)(iv): the loss of status at age 21 by
persons whose mothers and paternal grandmothers were not
status Indians by birth;
Section (l2)(l)(b); the loss of status by Indian women
upon marriage to non-Indian men:
Section l09 (1) and (3): the loss of status by wives and
minor children upon the “enfranchisement” (voluntary
relinquishing of status) of an Indian male head of
household; and
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.her status before her marriage. Similarly,
the loss of membership in her band
(Indian or non-Indian)
who is not a member of her own band.
Sections 10 and 14:
‘when an Indian woman marries a man
These clauses discriminate on the basis of sex and marital
status since they are based on a system that is both
patrilineal and patrilocal. It is patrilineal in that a
woman’s status is dependent on the status of her father and/or
husband.‘ If a woman marries an Indian, she is also an Indian;
if she marries a non~Indian, she is a non—Indian, regardless of
children have the
same status as their father; if he is an Indian, the children
are Indians; if he is non—Indian, they are not Indians. There
are three exceptions:
. illegitimate children of Indian women have status,
unless the band protests and can prove that the child’s
father was a non-Indian;
the second exception is known as the “double-mother
clause” (Section 12 (l)(a)(iv)) under which children,
when they reach 21 years, are no longer entitled to be
registered as Indians if their mothers and paternal
grandmothers had been non-Indians before they were
married. This section was introduced in 1951, in
response to demands for some kind of “quarter-blood”
rule, although the section is not based on a true
quarter-blood concept; and
illegitimate children of Indian men and non—Indian women
are not entitled to be registered;
The system is patrilocal inasmuch as residence and band
membership are based on the husband’s residence and membership.
Thus a non-Indian woman who marries an Indian becomes an Indian
and therefore a band member, with the right to reside and
participate in the affairs of that band. An Indian woman who
marries an Indian of another band loses her membership in her
band and becomes a member of her husband’s band. An Indian
woman who marries a non-Indian loses her Indian status and the
rights that come with membership in her band.
Provisions have been invoked to allow bands to request
exemption from discriminatory clauses of the Indian Act. As of
February 1983, 72 bands have submitted requests for exemptions
from Section 12 (l)(b), orders-in-council have been prepared
for 65 and proclamations issued for 64. As well, 291 bands
(“an-_:r1″£’:’
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have asked to be exempted from the double-mother clause, and to
date 284 orders-in-council have been prepared and
283 proclamations issued.
Historical background
The early legislation affecting Indians did not distinguish
between male and female persons. It was not until the Indian
Act of 1869 that the forerunners of the present sections 11 and
12 (l)(b) were incorporated in the legislation.
Subsequent revisions of the act became more restrictive.
Although the criteria for membership may have been in keeping
with the mores of the time in which they were established, they
have proved to be unacceptable in a time which supports equal
rights and treatment for everyone regardless of sex or marital
status.
As a result, the legislation has been challenged in the courts
and in an international forum. In 1970, Jeannette Lavell, an
Ojibwa Indian woman who had married a non~Indian, appealed the
decision to delete her name from the Indian membership register
on the basis that it contravened the Canadian Bill of Rights.
In 1973 after several lower court decisions, the Supreme Court
of Canada found that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the
operation of the Indian Act. As such, section 12 (l)(b) was
found to be legally valid.
In 1977 Sandra Lovelace, an Indian woman who had lost her
status when she married a non-Indian, submitted a communication
to the United Nations alleging that Canada had violated the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by the
operation of section 12 (l)(b) of the Indian Act.
The United Nations Human Rights Committee did not consider
Lovelace’s allegations about section 12 (l)(b) since she had
married before Canada had ratified the covenant. In July 1981,
however, the committee did look at the continuing effects of
her marriage and found Canada in breach of Article 27 (Rights
of Minorities) of the covenant because Ms. Lovelace is not ‘
allowed to be recognized as a member of her band and to enjoy
her culture in the community of that band.
In a more recent case before the United Nations committee,
Paula Sappier Sissons bases her communication on the same
statement of fact as Lovelace’s communication, except that
Ms. Sissons married in 1979 after Canada had ratified the
covenant. The Human Rights Committee, therefore, will be in a
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position to rule on whether or not section 12 (l)(b) violates
Canada’s international undertaking not to discriminate on the
basis of sex.
In July 1980, Canadian women parliamentarians of all parties
joined together for the first time to present a declaration to
urge the government “to finalize immediately the negotiations
with all Indian organizations and with the Indian bands .
throughout Canada to amend the Indian Act to grant Indian women
and their children their full status and rights in Canada.”
Notwithstanding section 15 of the Charter of Rights and
Freedoms, the Inuit Committee on National Issues and the Native
Council of Canada are of the view that there is a need for
explicit constitutional recognition that aboriginal rights
apply equally to aboriginal men and women.
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February 1983
ABORIGINAL ORGANIZATIONS IN CANADA
There are many national, provincial and territorial
associations that represent aboriginal people and their
interests (see Appendix A). The development of these
associations in the last 10 years has given aboriginal peoples
greater access to all levels of the Canadian political
structure. The associations receive regular funding from the
federal government for basic administration, land claims
research and negotiation, Indian Act research and for the
operation of some programs. They also receive special funding
for activities relating to the constitutional process.
Frequently they act as advocates to all levels of government on
behalf of individual bands. Three national organizations have
been invited by the Prime Minister to take part in the First
Ministers Conference on the Constitution:
i) Assembly of First Nations
The major status Indian association is the Assembly
of First Nations. It operates at the national level
to represent Indian bands in Canada. The AFN was
formally established at a meeting of Indian chiefs
at Penticton, British Columbia in April 1982 to
replace the previous status Indian organization, the
National Indian Brotherhood.
ii) The Inuit Committee on National Issues
This organization was created at a general meeting
of the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada held in 1979, to
focus on the constitutional development of the
Inuit. The Inuit Tapirisat represents Canada’s
Inuit through its seven regional member
associations.
Native Council of Canada
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The Native Council of Canada was established in 1970
to provide a national voice for Métis and non-status
Indians in Canada. Each member association
determines its own membership criteria. The general
aim of the council is to promote the full
participation.of Métis and non-status Indians in
Canadian life.
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APPENDIX A
ABORIGINAL ORGANIZATIONS IN CANADA
Indian associations (national/provincial/territorial)
Native associations (national/provincial/territorial)
Inuit associations (national/provincial/territorial)
Native women’s associations (national/provincial/
territorial) .
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Assembly of First Nations
222 Queen Street
Suite 500
Ottawa, Ontario
KlP SV9
INDIAN ASSOCIATIONS
NATIONAL
President
telex
Telephone
PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL
Alberta
Indian Association of Alberta
203-11710 Kingsway Avenue
Edmonton, Alberta
T5G OX5
British Columbia
Union of British Columbia
Indian Chiefs
440 West Hastings Street
President
Telex
Telephone
President
Telex
Telephone
Vancouver, British Columbia
V6B lLl
Manitoba
Four Nations Confedera
274 Garry Street
Winnipeg, Manitoba
R3C 1H3
Manitoba Keewatinowi
Okimakanak
145-74 Caribou Road
Thompson, Manitoba
R8N 0L3
New Brunswick
Union of New Brunswick
Indians
35 Dedam Street
cy A/Co-ordinator
Telex
Telephone
Contacts
Chairman
Telex
Telephone
Fredericton, New Brunswick
E3A 2V2
1l+I
-;_5,;,_-,. , ‘.j
Dave Ahenakew
053-3202
(613) 236-0673
Charles Wood
O37-3735. _
(403) 452-7221
Robert Manuel
045-4220
(604) 684-0231
Larry Starr
07-55238
(204) 944-8245
Chief Joe G. Wood
(204) 462-2106
Chief Robert Wavey
(204) 652-2219 ,
Chief Maggie Balfour
(204) 359-6616
Chief Charles Constant
(204) 623-5483
Graydon Nicholas
014-46185
(506) 472-6281
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Northwest Territories
Dene Nation
P.O. Box 2338
Yellowknife, N.W.T.
XOE 1H0
Nova Scotia
Union of Nova Scotia
Indians
P.O. Box 961
Shubenacadie
BlP 6J4
Ontario
Association of Iroquois
and Allied Indians
920 Commissioners Road E.
London, Ontario
NSZ 3J1
Chiefs of Ontario
l4ll-2 Carlton Street
Toronto, Ontario
MSB 1J3
Grand Council Treaty
No. 3
P.O. Box 1720
Kenora, Ontario
P9N 3X7
Nishnawbe-Aski Nation
71-3rd Avenue
Timmins, Ontario
P4N 1C2
Union of Ontario Indians
2nd Floor
27 Queen Street East
Toronto, Ontario
MSC 1R2
Prince Edward Island
Abegweit Band
P.O. Box 220
Cornwall, P.E.I.
COA 1H0
President
Telex
Telephone
President
Telex _
Telephone
President
Telex
Telephone
Exec. Director
Telex
Telephone
Grand Chief
Telex‘
Telephone
President
Telex
Telephone
President
Telex
Telephone
President
Telex
Telephone
Georges Erasmus
034-45556
(403) 873-4081
Noel Doucette
019-35274
(902) 539-4107
4230
Gordon Peters
064-7101
(519) 681-3551
Ava Sutherland
06-23877
(416) 596-0618
John Kelly
075-92513
(807) 548-4214
4215
Wally McKay
067-81595
(705) 267-7911
Joe Miskokamon
06-22710
(416) 366-3527
Chief James Sark
CNCP lll
(902)_675-3842
u L : In. Lxhuil iimi:
Lennox Island Band
Lennox Island, P.E.I.
COB 1P0
Quebec
La Confederation des Indiens
du Québec
Confederation of Indians of
Quebec
P.O. Box 810
Kahnawake, Quebec
JOL 1B0
Conseil Attikamek-Montagnais
Boulevard Bastien
Village des Hurons
Lorette, Quebec
GOA 4V0
Le Grand Conseil des Cris
Grand Council of the Crees
1500 Sullivan Road
Val d’Or, Quebec
J9P 1M1
Saskatchewan
Federation of Saskatchewan
Indian Nations
1100 – 1st Avenue E.’
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S6V 2A7
Yukon
Council for Yukon Indians
22 Nisutlin Drive
Whitehorse, Yukon
YlA 2S5-
also.
151 Slater Street
Ottawa, Ontario
KlP SH3
‘President
Telex
Telephone
President
Telex
Telephone
President
Telephone
Grand Chief
Telephone
President
Telex
Telephone
President
Telex
Telephone
Office Mgr.
Telephone
Chief Jack Sark
CNCP 111
(902) 831-2779
882-2002
Joe Stacey
05-24574
(514) 632-7321
René Simon
(418) 842-0277
‘Billy Diamond
(819) 825-3402
Sol.Sanderson
074-29228
(306) 764-3411
Saskatoon
665-7781
Regina
949-5666
Sinco
665-0911
Harry Allen
036-8346
(403) 667-7631
Melody Morrisson
(613) 236-9844
5
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Newfoundland
Ktaqmkukewey Mi’Knawey President
Saqmawuti Telex
(Nfld. Indian Government) Telephone
Conne River
Bay d’Espoir, Newfoundland
AOH 1J0
NATIVE ASSOCIATIONS
NATIONAL
Native Council of Canada President
Calvin White
CNCP 111
(709) 882-2303
Louis Bryere
170 Laurier Avenue West Telex 053-3301
5th Floor Telephone (613) 238-3511
Ottawa, Ontario
KIP 5V5
PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL
Alberta
Métis Association of Alberta President Sam Sinclair
12750 – 127 Street _
Edmonton, Alberta Telephone (403) 452-9550
TSL 1A5
British Columbia
United Native Nations President Bob Warren
240-2609 Granville Street
Vancouver, B.C. – Telephone -(604) 732-3726
V6H 3H3
Manitoba
Manitoba Métis Federation President Don McIvor-
Room 100
211 Portage Avenue Telephone (204) 956-2070
Winnipeg, Manitoba
R38 2A2
New Brunswick
New Brunswick Métis and President Gary Gould
Non-Status Indian Telex 014-46139
Association Telephone (506) 455-4370
390 King Street
Fredericton, N.B.
E38 1E3
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M. 1 J11. “lam:
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Northwest Territories
Métis Association of the
Northwest Territories
P.O. Box l375
Yellowknife, N.W.T.
XOE 1H0
Nova Scotia
Native Council of Nova Scotia
P.O. Box 1320
Truro, Nova Scotia
B2N 5N2
Ontario
Ontario Métis and Non-Status
Indian Association
Suite 30
5385 Yonge Street
Willowdale, Ontario
MZN SR7.
Prince Edward Island
Native Council of Prince
Edward Island
P.O. Box 2170
129 Kent Street
Charlottetown, P.E.I.
ClA 1N4
Quebec
Laurentian Alliance of Métis
‘and Non~Status Indians
2l Brodeur Street
Hull, Quebec
J8Y 2P6
Saskatchewan
Association of Métis and
Non-Status Indians of
Saskatchewan
1170-8th Avenue
Regina, Saskatchewan
S4R 1C9
1″” ‘IA.
President
Telex
Telephone
President
Telex
Telephone
President
Telex
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
Bob Stevenson
034-45595
(403) 873-3505
Viola Robinson
0l9~34503
(902) 895-6579
Duke Redbird
O69-86599
(416) 226-2890
Marcia McLeod
(902) 892~53l4
Fernand Chalifoux
(819) 770-7763
Jim Sinclair
(306) 525-6721
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Yukon
Council for Yukon Indians* Chairman Harry Allen
22 Nisutlin Drive Telex ‘ 036-8346
Whitehorse, Yukon Telephone (403) 667-7631
YlA 3S5
§_£1£3._
151 Slater Street ‘ Office Mgr. Melody Morrisson
Suite 702
Ottawa, Ontario Telephone (613) 246-9844
KlP SH3
* Represents a union of the Yukon Association for
Non—Status Indians and the Yukon Native Brother-
hood. Both associations may be contacted at the
above address and phone number.
Independent
Association des Métis et President Paul Paradis
des Indiens Hors Reserve –
Inc. Telephone (418) 275-0198
2023 Boul. de l’Anse
Roberval, Quebec
G8H 2N1
Native Brotherhood of President ‘
British Columbia —
517 Ford Building ‘ Telephone (604) 685-2255
193 East Hastings Street
Vancouver, B.C.
V6A 1N7
INUIT ASSOCIATIONS
NATIONAL
Inuit Tapirisat of Canada President John Amagoalik
3rd Floor .
176 Gloucester Street Telephone (613) 238-8181
Ottawa, Ontario
KZP 0A6
or
P.OT Box 417
Frobisher Bay, N.W.T.
XOA 0H0
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PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL
Baffin Region Inuit
Association
P.O. Box 219
Frobisher Bay, N.W.T.
_XOA 0H0
Committee for Original
People’s Entitlement
(COPE)
P.O. Box 2000
Inuvik, N.W.T.
XOE 0T0
Inuit Cultural Institute
Eskimo Point, N.W.T.
XOC OEO
Keewatin Inuit Association
Rankin Inlet, N.W.T.
XOL 0G0
Kitikmeot Inuit Association
P.O. Box 88
Cambridge Bay, N.W.T.
XIE lC0
Labrador Inuit Association
P.O. Box 70 _
Nain, Labrador,
AOP 1L0
Makivik Corporation
P.O. Box 179
Fort Chimo, Quebec
JOM 1C0
23
4898 de Maisonneuve west
Montreal, Quebec
H3Z 1M8 ‘
Inuit Development Corporation
Suite 902
280 Albert Street
Ottawa, Ontario
KlP 5G8
‘IAI
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
Telephone
Telephone
(8l9) 979-5391
Peter Green
(403) 979-3510
Thomas Kutluk
(819) 857-2085
Peter Ernerk
(819) 645-2800
Bob Kadlun
(403) 983-2458
Fran Williams
(709) 922-2942
Mary Simon
(819) 964-2925
(514) 483-2780
I613) 238-4981
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Inuit Tunganingat President Quppaqtayarak
Numamini
Sugluk, Quebec Telephone 8800
JOM lC0 I
NATIVE WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION OF CANADA – NATIONAL EXECUTIVE
Jane Gottfriedson President
Keremeos, B.C.
First Vice-
Clara Gloade
President
Truro, Nova Scotia
Marian Sheldon Second Vice-
Whitehorse, Yukon President
Grace Menard Treasurer
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Agnes Mills Secretary
Ottawa, Ontario
Dianna Laaore Executive
Ottawa, Ontario
Director
PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL
NATIVE WOMEN’S ORGANIZATIONS
Nova Scotia Native Women’s President Darliea Slauenwhite
Association
Barss Corner, – Telephone (902) 895-1523
Lunenburg Co., N.S. – 895-1524
BOR 1A0 A
New Brunswick Native Indian
Women’s Council
65 Brunswick Street Telephone (506) 454-1518
Room 258
Fredericton, New Brunswick
Quebec Native Women’s President Evelyn O’Bomsawin
Association Boucherville, Quebec
1600 Barry Street Telephone (514) 844-9618
Suite 288 844-7777
Montreal, Quebec
HZL 4E4
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lit. it
I
Ontario Native Women’s
Association
278 Bay Street
Thunder Bay, Ontario
P7B 1R8
Métis Women’s Association
of Manitoba
801-228 Notre Dame Avenue
Winnipeg, Manitoba
R3B 1N7
Saskatchewan Native Women’s
Association
1102 Angus Street
Regina, Saskatchewan
S4T 1Y5
Alberta Native Women’s
Association
10176-117 Street
Edmonton, Alberta
T5K 1X3
British Columbia Native
Women’s Association
116 Seymour Street
Kamloops, B.C.
V2C 2E1
Native Women’s Association
of N.W.T.
P.O. Box 2321
Yellowknife, N.W.T.
XOE 1H0
Yukon Indian Women’s
Association
22 Nisutlin Drive
Whitehorse, Yukon
Y1A 3S5
-11-.-
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
Donna Phillips
London, Ontario
(807) 345-9821
Grace Zoldy
(204) 943-0057
Georgina Fisher
(306) 527-1648
Ruth Gladue
(403) 488-9623
Mildred Gottfriedson
(604) 374-9412
Bertha Allen
Inuvik, N.W.T.
(403) 873-5509
Marion Sheldon
(403) 668-4616
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CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS
ABORIGINAL PEOPLE AND THE CONSTITUTION
June 1978
January 1979
February 5-6, 1979
April 29, 1980
IIOI
A Time for Action, federal discussion
paper and Bill C-60 on constitutional
amendment, released by federal
government. The discussion paper
calls for native issues to be
addressed and identified.
Prime Minister Trudeau invites three
national native organizations to send
observers to second First Ministers‘
Conference on the Constitution in
February.
The Prime Minister, with support of
several premiers, proposes that
federal and provincial ministers
and/or first ministers meet with
native leaders to explore their
concerns, and the conference agrees.
Also as part of the ongoing dialogue
on the Constitution, federal and
provincial governments adopt as an
agenda item “Canada’s Native Peoples
and the Constitution”, calling for.as
much native participation as
possible.
Prime Minister addresses a National
All Chiefs‘ meeting in Ottawa. He
reaffirms direct involvement by
Indian leaders “in the discussion of
constitutional changes which directly
affect you”. He indicates that from
the federal perspective this
encompasses “…such matters as
aboriginal rights, and treaty rights,
internal native self-government,
native representation in political
institutions such as Parliament and
the responsibilities of the federal
and provincial governments for the
provision of services to native
peoples“. He also announces funding
support to national native
associations for constitutional
work.
…/2
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June 9, 1980
August 1980
September 8-12, 1980
December 1980
February 13, 1980
Section 25:
Section 34:
First ministers meet in Ottawa.
Federal government proposes “…that
the leadership of the native peoples
continue to be involved in the
discussion of constitutional changes
which directly affect the native
peoples in the context of the joint
work on the item ‘Canada’s Native
Peoples and the Constitution’.”
National Indian Brotherhood, Native
Council of Canada and Inuit Committee
on National Issues meet with a sub-
committee of the Continuing Committee
of Ministers on the Constitution in
preparation for September’s First
Ministers‘ Conference on the
Constitution.
First ministers meet.
Representatives of three national
native organizations attend as
observers. There is no substantial
discussion of native issues.
The National Indian Brotherhood
(December 16th), Inuit Committee on
National Issues and Native Council of
Canada (December 12th) make
representations to the Special Joint
Committee on the Constitution of
Canada. These are supported by 14
provincial or regional Indian, Inuit
and Métis organizations.
The joint committee reports to the
House of Commons and included in the
final report are recommendations
concerning the following specific
provisions:
Aboriginal rights and freedoms
not affected by Charter
Rights of the aboriginal peoples
of Canada
…/3
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Section 36(2):
Section 55(c):
November 5, 1981
November 26, 1981
April 17, 1982
June 22, 1982
October 14, 1982
November 4-5, 1982
December 8-9, 1982
January 31-
February 1, 1983
February 15, 1983
February 28-
March 1, 1983
March 15-16, 1983
‘IIOI
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asses. “ht
Participation of the aboriginal
peoples in constitutional
conferences
Matters requiring amendment under
general amendment procedure
The federal government and the
provinces agree to withdraw
aboriginal and treaty rights section.
The federal and provincial
governments insert “existing”
(aboriginal and treaty rights section.
Constitution Act proclaimed.
Prime Minister meets separately with
three national native organizations.
to initiate preparatory meetings
leading to Conference of First
Ministers in mid-March 1983.
Plenary group of officials meets in
Winnipeg to establish working
groups.
Plenary group meets in Ottawa.
Plenary group meets in Montreal to
review working group deliberations.
Provincial and territorial ministers,
federal Ministers of Justice and
Indian and Northern Affairs, federal
Minister of State for Social
Development, and leaders of three
national aboriginal organizations,
meet in Ottawa.
Federal and provincial officials meet
in Ottawa with representatives of
native organizations.
Second meeting at ministerial level
held in Ottawa.
First Ministers‘ Conference, Ottawa.
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1755
1782
1796
1800
1816
1828
1830
1841
1-4.
‘and the office of the Chief
February 1983
CHRONOLOGY OF THE
ADMINISTRATION OF INDIAN AFFAIRS IN CANADA
Sir William Johnson appointed by
King George III Superintendent of
Indian Affairs, Northern District.
Sir John Johnson.appointed by the
British Crown as Superintendent of
Indian Affairs under the new title,
Superintendent-General of Indian
Affairs and Inspector General of the
Indian Department. ‘
‘Responsibility for Indian Affairs in
Upper Canada given to the lieutenant-
governor.
Responsibility for Indian Affairs in
Lower Canada assumed by the crown –
appointed Governor General of British
North America (Canada).
Jurisdiction over Indian Affairs in
Upper and Lower Canada transferred to
the Commander of the Forces.
Position of Superintendent-General of
Indian Affairs and Inspector General
of the Indian Department abolished
Superintendent of Indian Affairs
created. .
Indian Department split into two
offices. In Upper Canada control is
given to the lieutenant-governor.‘ In
Lower Canada control remains with the
Military Secretary. The reserve
system is established in Upper
Canada.
‘With the Union of 1341 the two
offices of the department are
amalgamated and placed under the
authority of the Governor General.
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1844
1860
1867
1873.
1875
1876
Following the recommendation of a
Commission of Inquiry into the Indian
Department, 1842, a general
reorganization of this department of
the Britsh government is undertaken.
The Civil Secretary is designated as
Superintendent-General for Indian
Affairs and the office of Chief
Superintendent abolished.
Responsibility for Indian Affairs
transferred from Imperial control to
the Province of Canada. The Crown
Lands Department of the Government of
the United Province of Canada assumes
control of Indian matters and the
Commissioner is designated as Chief
Superintendent.
At Confederation legislative
authority in relation to “Indians.
and lands reserved for the Indians,”
is given to the federal government
and responsibility delegated to the
Department of Secretary of State for
the Provinces. The Secretary of
State becomes Superintendent-General
of Indian Affairs. 4
The Department of the Interior is
created and an Indian lands branch
set up within it. -A Board of
Commissioners is established to
administer Indian Affairs in
‘Manitoba, British Columbia and the
Northwest Territories.
The Indian Boards are abolished and a
system of superintendents and agents
established. The Victoria, Fraser,
Manitoba and Northwest
Superintendencies are created.
Indian Act is passed, consolidating
and revising all previous legislation
dealing with Indians in all existing
provinces and territories. Board of
Reserve Commissioners is set up to
settle the Indian reserve question in
British Columbia.
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1880
1894
1897
1902
.1909
1912
1924
1929
‘I I.n.I
An independent Department of Indian
Affairs is established. The Minister
of the Interior continues as
Superintendent-General of Indian «
Affairs and presides over the new
department.
In a general effort to improve
educational facilities for Indians,
an independent school branch is
established.
James A. Smart is appointed Deputy
Superintendent of Indian Affairs. He
undertakes a general reorganization
of the Department of Indian Affairs.
Frank Pedley is appointed Deputy
Superintendent of Indian Affairs,
‘ending the system whereby the Deputy
of the Interior held that post.
Revamping of the departmental
structure is undertaken by
Frank Pedley. Several distinct
branches are set up to reflect the
expanded nature of the department’s
activities. ’
Royal Commission on Indian Affairs
for the Province of British Columbia
is appointed.
The Indian Act is amended to bring
Inuit under the responsibility of the
Superintendent-General of Indian
Affairs.
Natural resources transfer agreements
are concluded respecting lands
included in Indian reserves in
Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta,
stipulating that they would remain
under federal control when these
Western provinces assumed control of
natural resources. ‘
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1936
1945
1949
1951
1960
1964
1965
1966
1969
– 4 _
The Department of Indian Affairs
becomes a branch of the Department of
Mines and Resources. The Indian
Affairs Branch is placed under
Dr. H.W. McGil1 as Director.
Indian health services are
transferred from the Department of
Mines and Resources to the Department
of National Health and Welfare.
Inuit health services are also
transferred from the responsibility
of the Northwest Territories Division
of Lands, Parks and Forests Branch.
Indian Affairs Branch is transferred
to the Department of Citizenship and
Immigration.
A new Indian Act is passed after
intensive study by a Special Joint
Committee of the Senate and House of
« Commons, 1946-48.
A new administrative region is
created, the District of Mackenzie,
with headquarters at Fort Smith,
4 N.W.T.
Director of Indian Affairs Branch is
raised to level of Assistant Deputy
Minister (Indian Affairs) in the
Department of Citizenship and
Immigration. A federal-provincial
ministerial conference on Indian
Affairs is held in Ottawa.
The Indian Affairs Branch is
transferred to the Department of
Northern Affairs and National
Resources.
The Department of Indian Affairs and’
Northern Development is established.
Government white paper on Indian
policy is released. An Indian claims
commissioner is appointed by the
Minister of Indian Affairs and
Northern Development.
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1974
1975
1976
1980
1981
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assess
The federal government issues a
policy paper on native land claims,
entitled Statement on Claims of
Indian and Inuit People.
The department establishes the Office
of Native Claims.
An agreement is reached between the
National Indian Brotherhood and a
committee of the federal cabinet to
establish a mechanism for ongoing
consultation on all issues affecting
Indian people. A Canadian Indian
Rights Commission is set up. First
comprehensive claim settlement, the
James Bay and Northern Quebec
Agreement, is signed with the Cree
Indians of James Bay, Inuit of Arctic
Quebec, province of Quebec and
Government of Canada. The
Cabinet/NIB Committee meets between
fall of 1975 and 1977. The
Cabinet/Native Council of Canada
Committee is established around the
same time and continues to meet on a
regular basis.
The department releases a document,
New Federal Government-Indian
Relationship, outlining a policy
intended to encourage joint
participation in policy and program
development.
The department releases Indian
Conditions: -a Survey, a report
indicating that despite improvements
in some areas such as economic and
political development, Indian people
still face grave problems.
The department releases a booklet, In
all Fairness, which expands on the
government’s policy on comprehensive
9. ‘ ’
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1982
The government releases a revised
policy on specific claims, entitled
Outstanding Business. The
Constitution Act is proclaimed,
recognizing and affirming “existing
aboriginal and treaty rights” of
Canada’s aboriginal people.
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February 1983
FEDERAL PROGRAMS AND SERVICES FOR ABORIGINAL PEOPLES
The Government of Canada provides a variety of services to
native people, in areas such as housing and community
infrastruture, education, health, cultural development, band
government, economic development and social services.
Programs for aboriginal peoples may be universal or native-
specific. Universal programs are those major national
programs, such as Family Allowance, Old Age Security and
Unemployment Insurance, which benefit all eligible Canadians.
These programs are “non-discretionary”, in the sense that the
nature and level of service are determined by legislation.
Native—specific programs are those programs that are directed
specifically or largely to native people, or of which native
people are important and identifiable beneficiaries. Generally
these programs are “discretionary” in the sense that the nature
and level of service are determined by the federal cabinet and
not by specific legislation. Many native-specific programs,
particularly those for status Indians and Inuit, provide basic
and essential services such as housing, education and health
care o
Federal expenditures on native-specific programs for 1982/83
total approximately $1,950 million provided through 15
different federal departments. The Department of Indian
Affairs and Northern Development accounts for 74 per cent of
this amount.
Department‘ $M
Indian Affairs and Northern Development 1,435.1
Health and Welfare ‘ 238.9
Employment and Immigration 94.5
Regional Economic Expansion 38.5
32.8
Secretary of State
Canada Mortgage and Housing 37.1
All other departments and agencies (9) 73.9
Total $1,950.8M
The federal government has undertaken a special responsibility
to status Indians (persons registered or entitled to be
registered as Indians under the Indian Act) and Inuit people
for the provision of needed services, especially where the
requirement for such services flows from treaties or other
sources of obligation such as the Indian Act. Therefore, the
largest share of federal expenditures is applied to status
Indians and Inuit. –
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Total federal expenditures by native group, 1982-83 ($Million)
Native Group, South of 60° North of 60° Total
Status Indians $1,492 90 $1,582
Inuit 19 144 163
Métis and Non-
Status Indians 32 48 80
Not specificed 50 – 50
-$TT5‘9″3’ “””2″é‘2″‘ “$’l_,’£T7§*
* This table is based on an earlier and less complete analysis
of federal expenditures than the previous table. ‘
Services to status Indians
Direct expenditures by the federal government for status
Indians provide education, social assistance, community health
care and economic assistance programs. Most federal programs
are directed to status Indians living on reserves. Current per
capita federal expenditures for status Indians on reserves are
about $6,330.
Federal expenditures for status Indians (South of 60°)
by program area, 1982-83
Program Area _ $Millions Per cent
Education 436.0 29.2’
Social services 270.5 18.1
Health ‘ 204.9 13.7
Culture 18.9 1.3
Justice 2.0 0.1
Housing and community
. infrastructure 215.4 A 14.4
Employment and economic
development 123.5 8.3
Band government 67.8 4.5
Miscellaneous 47.7 3.2
Administrative overhead 105.3 7.1
Total §l,492.0 100.0
About one-half the dollar value of the federally-funded
programs is administered directly by the bands affected.
…/3
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Services to status Indians off reserve
f status Indian living off
66 to about 93,000 or 29
The migration off
n the large and medium—sized
particularly Winnipeg, Regina and
Since the mid-1960s the proportion o
reserves-has grown from 42,000 in l9
per cent of all status Indians in 1980.
reserve has been most pronounced i
cities of Western Canada,
Vancouver.
Status Indians living off reserves face a complicated pattern
of eligibility for government services. For example, health
services are typically provided by the provinces to Indians as
they are to other provincial residents. However, in some
provinces, welfare and child~care services are only available
to Indians after 12 months continuous residency off the
reserve.
Status Indians seeking government services away from reserves
encounter problems of access, and frequently the services
available are not appropriate to their needs. Migration on and
off reserve for short periods places Indians between federal
and provincial agencies in search of services.
Services to Métis and non-status Indians
Métis and non-status Indians are not considered to be Indian
people within the meaning of the Indian Act. Until recently
they have generally received only those services universally
available to all citizens. However during the past two
decades, in recognition of their special needs, a number of
programs have been developed that benefit Métis and non-status
Indian people:
Canada Mortage and — Rural and native housing
Housing Corporation
Employment training, job creation and
Employment and ~-
Immigration — labour market development
Health and . —— National Native Alcohol and Drug
Welfare Canada Abuse Program
Special ARDA and Northlands
Regional Economic —
Expansion Agreement
Secretary of ~- Native Citizens Program
State
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Services to Inuit
Most services to Arctic Inuit are delivered by the Northwest
Territories government, which receives more than 80 per cent of
its revenues from transfers from the federal government.
Similar services are provided to the Inuit of Northern Quebec
partly by the provincial government, and partly by the elected
regional government for the Quebec Inuit, established as a
result of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975.
In Labrador, the Newfoundland government exercises primary
responsibility for administering services to Inuit under a
cost-sharing agreement with.the federal government.
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February 1983
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY — ABORIGINAL PEOPLES
The bibliography that follows is by no means exhaustive.
Rather, the titles have been selected from among those that
would appear to be particularly relevant to the constitutional
matters on the agenda for the Conference of First Ministers,
March 15 and 16, 1983, in Ottawa. Over the years, there have
been many other books, studies and reports published on the
aboriginal peoples of Canada.
Please note that publications produced by the Department of
Indian Affairs and Northern Development are available from the
department’s public enquiries kiosk in the main foyer at
10 wellington Street, Hull, Quebec (819) 997-0380.
Publications originating from the House of Commons are
available from the House of Commons Distribution Office,
Parliament Hill, Ottawa, (613) 996-0679.
Most of the other publications listed in the following
bibliography may be found in municipal or university
libraries.
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BOOKS:
February 1933
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY – ABORIGINAL PEOPLES
Abel, A.S. Toward.a Constitutional Charter for Canada.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980.
Badcock, William. Who Owns Canada: Aboriginal Title
and Canadian Courts. Ottawa: Canadian Association in
support of the Native Peoples, 1976. ‘ ‘
Beck, Stanley and Ivan Bernier, eds. Canada and the new
°Constitution. 2 volumes. ,Montreal: The_Institute for:
Research on public Policy, 1983.
Berger, Thomas. Fragile Freedoms: Human Rights and
,D1ssent in Canada. ]Toronto;,;C1arke,.Irwin and
Company Ltd., 1981.‘ “ .« -. ‘
Beaudoin,’G.¥A. Essais sur la Constitution. “Ottawa:
Editions de l’Univers1té d’0ttawa, 1979.
Cardinal, Harold.‘ The Unjust_Society: the Tra§edy*of;
Canada’s Indians. ‘Edmonton:f’M.G. Hurtig,.1969.’
Crows, Keith. A History of the Original Peoples of_’ _
Northern Canada. Montreal: Arctic Institute of North
America, 1974.
Cumming, P. and N. Mickenberg, eds. Native.Rights in
Canada. 2nd edition. Toronto: General Publishing
COO,
Daniels, Harry. Native People and the Constitution of
Canada; (The Report of the Métis and Non-Status Indian
Constitutional Review Commission). Ottawa: Mutual
Press, April 1981. ’
Ferrari, L. Human Rights.and the Canadian Indian.
Moncton: New Brunswick Human Rights Commission,
Department of Labour, 1973. – . A
Lysyk, Kenneth M., Q.C. The Rights and Freedoms of the
Aboriginal Peoples of Canada. Chapter 15, “The; ‘
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms:. Commentary”,
W.S. Tarnopolsky and G.~A. Beaudoin. Toronto: The’
Carswell Company Limited, 1982. 5
Patterson, E. Palmer 11. The Canadian Indian: A
History §ince 1500. Don Mills: Collier4Macmillan
rrA– I972.
U.
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BOOKS: (Cont’d)
Sealey, D. Bruce and V.J. Kirkness, eds. Indians.
Without Tipis:’ A Resource Book by Indians and Métis.
Vancouver: William Clare Limited, 1973.
Sealey, D. Bruce and Antoine S. Lussier. The Métisz
Canada’s Forgotten People. Winnipeg: Manitoba Métis
Federation Press, 1975.
Sheppard, R. and M. Valpy. The National Deal: The
Fight for a Canadian Constitutigg. Toronto: Fleet
Publishers, 1982.
Slattery, Brian. The Land Rights of Indigenous Canadian
Peoples as Affected by the Crown’s Acquisition of
their Territories. Doctoral dissertation in.
Philosophy, Oxford, 1979.
Watkins, Mel, ed. Dene Nation — The Colony Within.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977.
Weaver, Sally. Making Canadian Indian Policy: The
Hidden Agenda, 1968 – 1970. Toronto: University of
Toronto Press, 1981.
ARTICLES:
Bissonnette, Alain. “Les droits des autochtones et les
territoires du nord—ouest”, Bulletin canadien de
l’aide,iuridique, Les autochtones et la justice au
Canada, numéro special, partie 1, pp. 133-171, janvier
1982.
Calvin, Eric. “Legal Process and Resolution of Indian
Land Claims”, Studies in Aboriginal Rights, University
of Saskatchewan (Native Law Centre), Saskatoon, 1981.
Denhez, Marc. “Impact of Inuit Rights on Arctic
Waters”, Northern Perspectives, vol. 10, no. 5,
(Sept. “” 0C.to
Jamieson, Kathleen. “Sisters under the skin: the
exploration of the implications of feminist-
materialist perspective research“, Canadian Ethnic
Studies, vol. XIII, no. 1, 1981.
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ARTICLES: (Cont’d)
Mn
Lysyk, Kenneth. “Human Rights and the Native Peoples of
Canada”, Canadian Bar Review, 1968.
Lysyk, Kenneth. “The Indian Title Question in Canada:
An Appraisal in the Light of Calder”, Canadian Bar
Review, vol. 51, September 1973.
Lysyk, Kenneth. “The Unique Constitutional Position of
the Canadian Indian”, Canadian Bar Review, September
1967.
Morisset, Jean. “The Aboriginal Nationhood: the
Northern Challenge and the Construction of Canadian
Unity”, Queen’s Quarterly, Summer 1980.
Moss, John E. “Native Proposals for Constitutional
Reform”, Journal of Canadian Studies, vol. 15, no. 4,
Winter 1980/81.
Morse, Bradford W., ed. Canadian Legal Aid Bulletin,
National Legal Aid Research Centre, Part 1, January
1982, vol. 5, no. 1, Native People and Justice in
Canada, Part II (April-July 1982), vol. 5, nos. 2 & 3.
Native People and Justice in Canada. Ottawa.
Slattery, Brian. “Ancestral lands: alien laws,
judicial perspectives on aboriginal land title”,
Osgoode Hall Law School, c. 1983.
Weaver, Sally. “Federal Difficulties with Aboriginal
Rights Demands”, Paper read at the Conference on
Aboriginal Rights, University of Lethbridge, Alberta,
(January 18-21, 1983). Available from the University
of Waterloo.
Weaver, Sally. “The Joint Cabinet/National Indian
Brotherhood Committee: unique experiment in pressure
group relations”, Canadian Public Administration, vol.
25, no. 2, Summer 1982.
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DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS AND NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT (DIAND)
PUBLICATIONS:
A History of Native Claims Processes in Canada
Ottawa, Canada, 1980.
DIAND.
An Overview of Some Recent Research on Attitudes
DIAND. L
in Canada Towards Indian People. Ottawa, Canada,
1980.
DIAND. In all Fairness, A Native Claims Policyl
Comprehensive Claims. Ottawa, Canada, 1981.
Outstanding Business, A Native Claims Policy,
Ottawa, Canada, 1982.
DIAND.
Specific Claims.
The Elimination of Sex Discrimination from the
Ottawa, Canada, 1982.
DIAND.
Indian Act.
DIAND/Statistics Canada Workshop. Indian Demographic
Patterns and Trends and their Implications for Policy
and Planning. Ottawa, Canada, June 1980.
DIAND. Barnhart, R. and D. Madill. The Métis as a
Factor in the Euro-Canadian Development of the
Canadian West. Ottawa, Canada, 1978.
DIAND. Survey of
Barnhart, R. and D. Madill.
Historical Records on the Métis. Ottawa, Canada,
1978.
DIAND. Daugherty, W. and D. Madill. Indian Government
Under Indian Act Legislation: 1868~l951. Ottawa,
Canada, 1980.
DIAND. Freeman, Milton M.R., ed. Inuit Land Use and
Occupancy Project. vols. 1-3, Supply and Services
Canada. Ottawa, Canada, 1976.
DIAND. Knox, R.H. Indian Conditions: A Survey.
Ottawa, Canada, 1980.
Leslie, J. and R. Maguire, eds. The Historical
DIAND.
Ottawa, Canada, 1978.
Development of the Indian Act.
.1 [ti
I1 I 1» null]; nifllli 1|: 1I.~ 1:
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS AND NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT (DIANDLL
PUBLICATIONS: (cont’d)
DIAND. Maguire, R. Indian Treaties in Historical
Perspective. Ottawa, Canada, 1979.
DIAND. Siggner, A. and C. Locatelli. Population
Projections for the Registered Indian Population,
1973-1990. Ottawa, Canada, 1977.
HOUSE OF COMMONS PUBLICATIONS:
House of Commons. Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence
of the Sub-committee on Indian Women and the Indian
55;. Standing Committee on Indian Affairs and
Northern Development. (Issues 1—5); Ottawa, Canada,
1982. K
House of Commons. Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence
of the Special Committee to act as a Task Force on
Indian Self-Government. Standing Committee on Indian
Affairs and Northern Development. (Issues 1-4);
Ottawa, Canada, 1982/83. 8
House of Commons. Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence
on the Constitution of Canada. Special Joint
Committee of the Senate and House of Commons. (Issues
1-31); Ottawa, Canada, 1980/81.
MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS:
Supply and Services Canada. Drury, C.M. Constitutional
Development in the Northwest Territories, Report of
the Special Representative. Ottawa, Canada, January
1980.
King’s Printer. Shortt, A. and A.G. Doughty. Documents
relating to the Constitutional History of Canada 1759-
1791. Ottawa, Canada, 1918. –
Supply and Services Canada. Berger, Thomas. Mackenzie
Valley Pipeline Inquiry Proceeding_. Burnaby, British
Columbia, 1977. .
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MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS: (cont’d)
ill
Supply and Services Canada. Berger, Thomas. Northern
Frontier, Northern Homeland, Report of the Mackenzie
Valley Pipeline Inquiry. Ottawa, Canada, 1977.
Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada Daily. Native
People, 1981 Census of Population; p. 6. Ottawa,
Canada, February 1983. ‘
National Museum of Canada. Jenness, Diamond. The
Indians of Canada. 6th edition. Ottawa, Canada,
1972. , ‘
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NOTE A LA PRESSE
Ce dossier contient des documents de base qui permettront aux
journalistes de prendre connaissance des problémes complexes
que présentent les droits des autochtones. Ces problemes
feront l’objet de délibérations lors de la Conférence des
premiers ministres qui se tiendra a Ottawa les 15 et 16 mars
prochains. on s’est efforcé de présenter cette information de
facon aussi objective que possible. Les renseignements donnés
ne refletent pas forcément la politique officielle et
l’orientation du gouvernement du Canada.
Contenu
1. La Constitution canadienne, 1981.
2. Les peuples autochtones du Canada et la Constitution.
8. Les peuples autochtones du Canada.
4. La Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 — articles relatifs
aux peuples autochtones du Canada.
5. Les droits des femmes autochtones.
6. Organisations autochtones au Canada.
7. Les peuples autochtones et la Constitution –
Chronologie des événements.
8. L‘administration des affaires indiennes au Canada —
une chronologie.
9. Programmes et services du gouvernement fédéral a
l’intention des peuples autochtones.
l0. Bibliographic choisie des peuples autochtones.
Renseignements : Francine Girard
(613) 593-6886
_ 30 –
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Février 1983
LES PEUPLES.AUTOCHTONES DU CANADA ET LA CONSTITUTION
En décembre 1981,’1e Parlement canadien adoptait une résolution
qui a servi de base A l‘adresse conjointe présentée a Sa
Majesté la Reine par la Chambre des communes et le Sénat ;
cette resolution préparait la voie au ” rapatriement ” de la
Constitution canadienne.
L‘adresse conjointe comprenait des articles concus dans’1e but
de reconnaitre et de protéger les droits autochtones existants
(article 35), et dans le but également de s’assurer que ces _
droits seraient étudiés en détail et définis clairement par un
mécanisme subséquent (article 37 (2)). Ces articles résultent
de négociations soutenues qui ont duré pres de 18 mois : ils
étaient inclus dans la Loi-constitutionnelle, a la suite d‘un
accord intervenu entre toutes les parties au cours des derniers
stades des débats sur la résolution.
Par la suite, au début de 1982, 1e Parlement britannique
adoptait la Loi sur le Canada, qui modifiait la Constitution
canadienne, pour y inclure la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982.
\
Le 17 avril 1982, la reine proclamait officiellement, a Ottawa,
la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982. C’était la derniére étape du
mécanisme de ” rapatriement “. –
Cette loi stipule a l’article 37 que le premier ministre devra
convoquer, dans 1’année suivant la proclamation de cette loi,.
une conférence constitutionnelle réunissant les premiers
ministres provinciaux et lui—méme, conférence cu seront
discutées les questions constitutionnelles qui intéressent
directement les peuples autochtones du Canada.
La conférence constitutionnelle. qui réunit les premiers
ministres, aura lieu les 15 et 16 mars 1983 5 Ottawa, au
Secretariat des conférences inter~gouvernementales
canadiennes.
Cette conférence marquera le début d’un examen approfondi au
cours duquel on entreprendra de déterminer et de définir les
droits additionnels des peuples autochtones, droits qu’on devra
‘par la suite inscrire dans la Constitution du Canada.
La loi prévoit aussi la participation des peuples autochtones a
la conférence constitutionnelle. A cet effet, le premier
ministre a invité des représentants des trois organisations
nationales autochtones a participer directement aux
délibérations : l’Assemb1ée des premieres nations représentera
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les Indiens inscrits ; le Conseil national des autochtones du
Canada, pour sa part, representera les Indiens non inscrits
tandis que le Comite des Inuits sur les questions d‘interet
national sera present au nom des Inuits. .
Le Cabinet federal a tenu 5 appuyer la participation des
organisations autochtones au mecanisme constitutionnel ; a
cette fin, il a done reserve une somme de 2 809 910 dollars
pour 1’annee financiers 1982-1983. (Se reporter 5 l‘annexe A).
On s’attend a ce que la conference de mars innove en matiere de
developpement constitutionnel. Pour la premiere fois, les
questions considerees comme fondamentales par les peuples
autochtones du Canada deviendront le point de mire pour le pays
tout entier lors d’une conference des premiers ministres. ‘Ce
sera egalement la premiere fois que les representants des
peuples autochtones seront des participants a part entiere aux
travaux de la conference.
Pour la premiere fois aussi, les representants elus des
gouvernements des deux territoires participeront aux
deliberations qui touchent directement le Yukon et les
Territoires du Nord—Ouest.
En preparation de la conference des premiers ministres, des
groupes de travail a Winnipeg, Ottawa et Montreal se sont
penchés sur de multiples questions touchant les aspects
politiques, sociaux et economiques. Pendant les quatre
derniers mois de 1982, les representants du gouvernement
federal, des_provinces et des territoires ont rencontre le
Comite des Inuits sur les questions d’interét national et le
Conseil national des autochtones du Canada pour definir leurs
positions respectives et pour commencer a etablir un ordre du
jour.
Deux reunions ministerielles ont eu lieu 5 Ottawa : 1’une, du
31 janvier au lef fevrier 1983, l’autre, du 28 fevrier au
13‘ mars 1983. Etaient presents : les ministres des
provinces et des territoires, les ministres federaux de la
Justice. des Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien, le
ministre d’Etat au developpement social et le secretaire
d‘Etat. _ Les dirigeants de toutes les organisations nationales
autochtones y participaient egalement.
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11 a resulte de ces consultations un accord unanime au sujet de
l’ordre du jour suivant :
1.
Charts des droits des autochtones (partie II
elargie de la Loi constitutionnelle)
comprenant :
— Preambule
– Elimination du mot ” existant ” de
l’article 35 et developpement de
cet article pour y inclure la _
reconnaissance des traites actuels, des
traites signes hors-Canada et avant la
Confederation, et la mention precise du
” titre autochtone “, y compris les
droits des peuples autochtones du Canada
a des territories et des cours d’eau
.reserves.
— Enonce des droits particuliers des
peuples autochtones
– Enonce des principes
– Egalite
– Mise en application
— Interpretation
Revisions de la formule d’amendement, y
compris :
— Amendements touchant les questions
autochtones ne devant pas etre
assujettis au droit de retrait des
provinces (article 42)
– Clause de consentement
Gouvernement autochtone autonome.
Abrogation de l’artic1e 42 (1) (e) et (f).
Amendements a la partie III, y compris :
– Perequation Organisation des
— Partage des cofits gouvernements
– Prestation de services autochtones
Mecanisme continu, y compris d’autres
rencontres des premiers ministres et
enchessement des procedes necessaires pour
implanter les droits.
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Les droits et les traites autochtones sont garantis par
l’article 35 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982. La
determination et la definition de ces droits s’averent une
téche tres complexe qui necessitera des discussions
suivies, procede que la Conference des premiers ministres
etablira officiellement.
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Les langues autochtcnes
I1 existe chez les Indiens du Canada 10 familles linguistiques
différentes : 1’algonquine, l’iroquoise, la siouse,
1’athapascane, la koutenaise, la salishane, la wakashane, la
tsimshiane,.1’haida et la tlingite. Chacune de ces familles
linguistiques est composée de sous—groupes parlant des langues
apparentées ou des dialectes. I1 existe également au Canada
six regions culturelles indiennes reconnues. On peut etablir,
dans certains cas, un parallels entre les bagages culturels et
linguistiques de certains groupes d’Indiens, mais les parentés
linguistiques ne signifient pas nécessairement des parentés
culturelles. _
Pour ce qui est des Inuits, ils appartiennent 5 une seule
famille linguistique principals, la famille esquimaude—aléoute
et bien que 1’inuktitut soit la seule langue, i1 existe de
nombreux dialectes.
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‘N.B. Pour une etude approfondie de la definition des peuples
autochtcnes, voir Lysyk, Kenneth, ” Droits et libertes des
peuples autochtcnes du Canada ” dans La Charte canadienne des
droits et libertes: un commentaire, par W.S. Tarnopolsky et
G.A. Beaudoin. Carswell Company Ltd, Toronto, 1982.
1 Ia.I
4:5. .3
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Appendice A—Recensement de Statistique Canada
Le mardi 1*‘ février 1983
Page 6
Tableau 1
Autochtones, Canada
1931-81
Amérindien Metis (issus
Population d’autochtones
Année de Population autochtone Inuit Indien Indien et de non-
recensement totale totale (Esquimaux) Total inscrit non inscrit autochtcnes)
1931 10,376,786 128,890‘ N.D. N.D. N.D.) N.D. N.D.
1941 11,506,655 160,937? 7,205 118,316 N.D. N.D. 35,416
1951 14.009.429 165.6073 9.733 155,874 N.D. N.B. N.D.
1961 18,238,247 220,1213 11,835 208,286 N.D. N.D. N.D.
1971 21,568,311 312.7654 17.550 295,215 N.D. N.D. N.D.
19816 – 24,083,496 491.4605 25.390 367.810 292.700 75.110 98.260
‘ Comprend les Amérindiens, les Inuit at les Metis issus d’autocI1tonss at de non-autochtcnes dont Ia lignée a été établie du cété
de la mere.
2 Comprend les Amérindiens, les Inuit at les Métis issus d ‘autochtcnes at de n
du pére.
3 Comprend les Amérindiens, les Inuit et certains Métis issus d’autochtones at de non
indiennes ou dont Ia lignée a été établie du cdté du pare.
on-autochtcnes dont-la lignée a été établie du cdté
-autochtcnes vivant dans des réservss
4 Comprend seulement les Amérindians et les Inuit dont Ia lignée a été établiedu cdté du pare.
5 Comprend les Amérindiens, les Inuit at
deux parents.
6 Ne comprend pas les pensionnaires dinstitution.
N. D. Données non disponibles ou inédites.
Autochlones, recensement de la population de 1981
D’aprés le recensement de la population de 1981, plus
de 491 ,000 Canadians ont déclaré qu’ils étaient des
autochtcnes; de ce nombre, il y a eu plus de 25,000
lnuit, pres de 293,000 Indiens inscrits, plus de 75,000
lndients non inscrits et plus de 98,000 Métis. C’était la
premiere fois que l’on essayait vraiment de recenser
les-Métis, bien qu’au recensement de 1941 on alt enra-
gistré 35,416 personnes ayant une double origins
autochtone et non autochtone.
Aux recensements de 1911 a 1931, les personnes
d’origlne autochtone ou métisse ont été dénombrées
comme des Indiens ou des Esquimaux, la lignée étant
établie par la mere (l’ascendance non autochtone, par
le pare). Ainsi, dans les recensements antérieurs, les
personnes d’origlne métisse ont figuré dans le chiflre
total des autochtcnes si elles s’étaient déclarées
comme telles.
Aux recensements de 1951 et 1961, les personnes
d’origine métisse ont été comptées comma autoch-
tones si elles vivaient dans une réserve indienne. Si
elles ne vivaient pas dans une reserve, elles étaient
lnscrltes comme autochtcnes uniquement si elles
pouvaient prouver une descendance autochtone
paternelle. Cette nouvelle procedure a marqué un
grand changement parrapport aux recensements
antérieurs at a probablement entrainé une baisse du
nombre total d’autochtones pour ces deux
recensements.
En 1971, année du premier recensement par auto-
dénombrement, les autochtcnes ont été recensés
comma Indiens (iaisant partie d’une bande), comme
Indiens (ne faisant pas partie d’une bande) ou comme
Esquimaux. Aucune rubrique spéciale ne permettalt
de déclarer les personnes d’origine métisse. Par
consequent. it so peut qu’au recensementde1971, bon
nombre de ces personnes-n’aient pas été comptées
dans le chiffre total des autochtcnes.
les personnes qui se sont déclarées métisses at dont la lignée a été établie du cote’ des
Le tableau 1 presents des statistiques chronologi-
ques sur les autochtcnes, outre certaines réserves sur
leur degré de comparabilité. Ce sont les données des
recensements de 1941 etde1981 qui peuvent le mieux
se comparer puisque dans les deux cas it y a eu tenta-
tive pour dénombrer a part les personnes d’origine
métisse. Au cours de ces quarante années, la popula-
tion totale a augmenté de 109% alors que la population
autochtone s’est accrue de 205%. Cost chez les lnuit
que l’on a observe la hausse la plus forte (252%) tandis
que chez les Amérindiens. Paccroissement a été de
210%. Ces augmentations sont attribuables presque
exclusivement a des causes naturelles, par example
une fécondité plus élevée et une mortalité plus faible.
Ainsi, il est intéressant de noter que la population non
autochtone a progressé beaucoup moins rapidement,
malgré |’apport des immigrants.
D’aprés les chiffres obtenus. la population métisse a
augmenté de177%,ce qui représente un taux de crois-
sance inférieur a celui des Amérindiens et des Inuit
mais nettement supérieur a celui des
non-autochtcnes.
Ces accroissements considérables du nombre d’au-
tochtones ont surtout été enregistrés depuis 1941.
D’apres les dossiers des périodes antérieures, cette.
population a affiché une stabllité relative entre 1901 et
1931. pulsqu’ella comptait an moyenne environ
120,000 personnes.
(suite a la page suivante)
4554 .313
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Le mardi 1*” février 1983
Page 7
Tableau 2
Autochtones selon le type, Canada at provinces/territolres
1981
Population – Indien
Population autochtone Indien 000
Region totals‘ totals lnuit inscrit inscrit Metis
Canada 24,083,496 491,460 25,390 292,700 75,110 98.250
Terrs-Nsuvs 563,747 4,430 1,850 . 1,010 1,185 385
ils-du-Prince-Edouard 121,223 625 30 400 140 50
Nouvelle—Ecosse 839,801 7,795 130 5,905 1,155 605
Nouveau-Brunswick 689,373 5,515 5 4,235 865 415
Quebec 6,369,068 52,395 4,875 34,400 5,810 7,310
Ontario 8 534,263 110,060 1,095 70,190 26,090 12.580
Manitoba 1,013,703 66,280 230 39,710 5,855 20,485
Saskatchewan 956,441 59,200 145 37,470 4,135 17,455
Alberta 2 213,651 72,050 510 35,810 8,595 27,135
Colombis-Britanniqus 2,713,615 82,645 515 54,085 19,085 8,955
Yukon 23,074 4,045 95 2,770 990 190
Territoires du Nord-Ouest 45,537 26,430 15,910 6,720 1,205 2.595
1 Ne comprsnd pas les pensionnaires dinstitution.
Le tableau 2indiqusls nombre ds personnes quiont
déclaré une origins autochtons au recensement de
1981, c’est-a-dire environ 2.0% de la population totals.
Mais leur répartition varie considérablement d’une
province a |’autrs. Ainsi, les autochtcnes ont figure
pour seulement 0.5% ds touts la population de l’lle—du-
Prince-Edouard, alors qu’au Manitoba, cs pourcen-
tage était ds 6.5%, soit ls plus ,élevé de toutes les
provinces; cs taux est cependant inférisur a ceux du
Yukon (17.5%) et des Territoires du Nord-Ouest
(58.0%). Un peu plus du tiers de la population totals
des Tsrritoires du Nord-Ouest se compose d’|nuit. Les
seulss autrss regions 00 l’on retrouve une concentra-
tion d’lnuit sont ls nord du Quebec st la région septen-
trionale du Labrador a Terrs-Nsuvs.
C’ss_t en Ontario st en Colombie-Britannique que
l’on compts le plus grand nombre d’autochtones qui
ont declare avoir conserve les droits d’lndiens inscrits
mais it y en a également de fortss concentrations au
Quebec et dans les provinces des Prairies.
ll convient d’utilissr avec prudence les données
concernant les Indiens inscrits, les Indiens non ins-
crits et les Metis. En sffst, comme les termes Indiens
inscrits st lndisns non inscripts désignent un statut
juridique, il se peut que ces deux groupes comprsn-
nsnt des personnes d’origine métisse ou autre qu’amé-
rindienne. Par sxemple, une fsmme non autochtone
mariés a un lndien inscrit devient légalement une
indienne inscrits. Son origins ethnique demeurs tou-
teiois non autochtons. Dans ces cas, on ne salt pas si
les gens se sont declares comme Indiens inscrits ou‘
comme membres d’un groups ethnique non
autochtons.
En général, les Indiens non inscrits sont ceux qui ont
délaissé leurs droits’d’lndiens inscrits, tandis que les
métis sont issus d’une union entre autochtcnes st non-
f“……… ,1!!!
autochtcnes. Cspendant, au fil des generations, les
descendants s’associent davantage a une culture, st
des personnes d’origine métisse peuvent alors ss
considérer comme Indiens ou membres d’un groups
ethnique non autochtons. par sxemple d’origine fran-
caiss ou anglaise. Le nombre ds Metis au recensement
rsflsterait non pas tsllement l’origine biologlque des
répondants mais plutot leur sentiment d’appartsnance
au groups. Dans les provinces des Prairies, cu les
Métis restsnt tres attaches a leur histoire et ‘a csrtains
ds leur droits culturels, les chiffrss obtenus sont relati-
vement plus élsvés que partout ailleurs. Dans les
autres regions, il se peut que csrtainss personnes
d’origine métisse se soisnt dsclaréss comme Indiens
non inscrits ou membres d’un groups ethnique non
autochtons. selon Ie patrimoine culturel auquel elles
s’identifient le plus.
Pour plus ds rsnseignements, communiqusr avec
Luc Albert ou Sylvia Wargon (613-995-7946), Section
des caractéristiques sociales et des familles, Statisti-
que Canada. Ottawa (Ont.), K1A 0T6.
nmflh Ihflllu 1|: m u:
(‘1; ,_ _ _1I_+_I
Février 1983
LA LOI CONSTITUTIONNELLE DE 1982
ARTICLES RELATIFS AUX PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES DU CANADA
En plus des dispositions d’application générale sur les droits
et libertés, on trouve dans la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982
des dispositions particuliéres sur les droits des peuples
autochtcnes du Canada.
En effet, la Charte canadienne des droits et libertes qui
constitue la partie I de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982
stipule 5 l’article 25~:
25. Le fait que la présente charte garantit
certains droits et libertes ne porte pas
atteinte aux droits ou libertés – _
ancestraux, issus de traités ou autres — des
peuples autochtcnes du Canada, notamment .
a) aux droits ou libertés reconnus par la
Proclamation royale du 7 octobre 1763 ;
b) aux droits ou libertés acquis par
réglement de revendications
territoriales.
A l’article 35 que constitue la partie II de la loi, on
mentionne particuliérement les droits des peuples autochtcnes
et on donne une definition de l’expression ” peuples
autochtones du Canada .
35. (1) Les droits existants – ancestraux ou
issus de traités – des peuples
autochtones du Canada sont reconnus et
confirmés. —
(2) Dans la présente loi, ” peuples
autochtones du Canada ” comprend
notamment les Indiens, les Inuits et les
Métis du Canada.
C’est 5 l’article 37(2) que l’on parle de la participation des
peuples autochtcnes aux trayaux de la Conference constitutionnelle
des premiers ministres :
…/2
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37. (1) Dans l’année suivant l’entrée en vigueur
de la présente partie, le premier
ministre du Canada convoque une
conference constitutionnelle réunissant
les premiers ministres provinciaux et
lui~méme. –
(2) Sont placées a l’ordre du jour de la
conference visée au paragraphe (1) les
questions constitutionnelles qui
intéressent directement les peuples
autochtcnes du Canada, notamment la
détermination et la definition des‘
droits de ces peuples 5 inscrire dans la
Constitution du Canada. Le premier
ministre du Canada invite leurs
representants a participer aux travaux
relatifs a ces questions.
(3) Le premier ministre du Canada invite des
representants élus des gouvernements du
territoire du Yukon et des Territoires
du Nord-Ouest 3 participer aux travaux
relatifs 5 toute question placée a
l’ordre du jour de la conférence visée
au paragraphe (1) et qui, selon lui,
intéresse directement le territoire du
Yukon et les Territoires du Nord-Ouest.
Le paragraphe 52(1) revét aussi une certaine importance, comme
en fait foi le texte de la loi :
S2. (1) La Constitution du Canada est la loi’
supréme du Canada ; elle rend inopérante
les dispositions incompatibles de toute
autre régle de droit.
3.. _=.
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Février 1983
LES DROITS DES FEMMES AUTOCHTONES
Depuis 1869, divers articles de la Loi sur les Indiens ont
établi contre les femmes autochtcnes une discrimination fondée
sur leur sexe et sur leur statut matrimonial. La nécessité
d‘é1iminer ces articles discriminatoires s‘avére plus urgente
depuis l’adoption de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982.
L’artic1e 15 (1) de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés
garantit ” 1’égalité devant la loi et selon ses dispositions ”
ainsi que ” la meme protection et les memes bénéfices légaux ”
indépendamment du sexe. Cet article entrera en vigueur en
1985, soit trois ans aprés la promulgation de la charte. Il
est fort probable que, suite 5 1’entrée en vigueur de 1’artic1e
15 (1), les dispositions de la Loi sur les Indiens qui
établissent une discrimination fbndée sur le sexe deviendront
inopérantes.
Le sous-comité sur les femmes autochtcnes
et sur la Loi sur les Indiens
Le 4 aofit 1982, le ministre des Affaires indiennes et du
Nord, 1‘honorable John Munro, fit savoir que, conformément 5 un
vote unanime de la Chambre des communes, la détermination des
moyens pour mettre fin a la discrimination fondée sur le sexe
avait été soumise a un sous-comité sur les femmes autochtcnes
et sur la Loi sur les Indiens.
C’était la premiere fois dans notre histoire qu’un comité
comprenait trois membres d’office représentant respectivement
1‘Assemb1ée des premieres nations, le Conseil des autochtcnes‘
du Canada et 1’Association des femmes autochtcnes du Canada.
Suite 5 une série d’audiences publiques au cours desquelles il
-avait entendu les témoignages de 27 groupes et associations, 1e
comité soumit son rapport 1e 22 septembre 1982. Ce rapport
recommanda que le gouvernement élimine la discrimination
sexuelle fondée sur l’article 12 (1) (b) de la Loi sur les
autochtcnes, selon lequel les femmes autochtcnes qui épousent
des non-autochtones sont dépossédées de leur statut ainsi que
de leur appartenance a leur bande natale. Le comité recommanda
qu’a 1’avenir aucun Indien ne perde son’statut en raison de
mariage, que les épouses non indiennes n’obtiennent pas le
statut par le_mariage et que les épouses non indiennes puissent
habiter les réserves telles que déterminées pas les bandes et
les lois. De plus, on recommanda la mise sur pied d’un
programme de rétablissement afin que ces femmes autochtcnes et
les enfants auxquels elles ont donné naissance puissent
recouvrer 1e statut.qu‘i1s ont perdu et réintégrer leurs
bandes.
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Le sous—comité recommanda aussi qu‘on élimine certaines autres
dispositions de la Loi sur les Indiens qui établissent une
discrimination contre les femmes, comme par exemple la
disposition qui décréte qu’a l’occasion de son mariage une
Indienne devienne automatiquement membre de la bande de son
époux. Le sous-comité recommanda en outre que le Parlement
affecte suffisamment de fonds pour que les Indiens rétablis
puissent bénéficier des services et programmes dont jouissent
aujourd’hui tous les Indiens officiellement reconnus comme tels
et qu’on mette d’autres ressources a leur disposition selon que
le besoin s’en fera sentir.
Le gouvernement fédéral étudie actuellement le rapport du sous-
comité, dont il a fait parvenir des copies a toutes les bandes
indiennes en les invitant a le commenter.
La maniére dont la Loi sur les Indiens
porte atteinte aux femmes
Le gouvernement fédéral reconnait que les Indiens du Canada
jouissent de droits spéciaux et qu’i1s ont droit d’entretenir
des relations particuliéres avec lui. Les critéres qui
déterminent cé qui constitue le statut d’Indien — et, par
conséquent, qui peut jouir des droits spéciaux qui sont les
leurs -— sont définis dans la Loi sur les Indiens. Cette loi
définit les Indiens en fonction de ceux qui ont le droit de
vivre dans les réserves et d’accéder aux fonds qui leur sont
réservés.
Tout membre d’une bande est indien et pratiquement tous ceux
qui sont indiens inscrits sont membres d’une bande. Seuls les
Indiens qui sont membres d’une bande déterminée ont le droit de
demeurer sur la réserve attribuée a cette bande et celui de
bénéficier de ses actifs immobiliers : ils peuvent participer
aux prises de décision relatives a ces actifs et voter en tant
que membres des institutions politiques de la bande a laquelle
ils appartiennent. Ainsi, les critéres d’admission a une
bande, tels que définis dans la Loi sur les Indiens, exercent
une grande influence sur la vie des autochtcnes.
Cinq des dispositions de la Loi sur les Indiens sont
considerées discriminatoires 5 l’égard des femmes indiennes.
Les effets s’en font sentir principalement dans les articles
qui suivent.
L’article 11 (1) (f) : le droit au statut d’Indien pour les
femmes non indiennes qui épousent des Indiens.
L’article 12 (1) (a) (iv) : la perte du statut d’Indien,
1orsqu‘ils atteignent l’age de 21 ans, par les épouses et les
enfants dont les méres et les grand—méres paternelles n’étaient
pas elles-memes indiennes de naissance.
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L’article 12 (1) (b) : la perte de statut des femmes indiennes
qui épousent des non—Indiens.
Les articles 109 (1) et (3) : la perte de statut pour les
épouses et les enfants mineurs au moment de l’ “ affran~_
chissement ” (c’est-e-dire l’abandon vclontaire de leur statut
de la famille d’un Indien chef de ménage.
Les articles 10 et 14 : la perte de 1’appartenance a sa bande
quand une Indienne epouse un homme qui n’appartient pas a cette
bands -— at cela. qu‘il soit indien on non.
Ces articles établissent une discrimination fondée sur le sexe
et le statut matrimonial car ils sont fonction d’une tradition
qui est a la fois patrilinéale et patrilocale. Patrilinéale
dans le sens que le statut d’une femme depend de celui de son-
pere ou de son époux : si une femme epouse un Indien, elle
devient Indienne quel qu’était son statut avant qu’elle se
marie. Les enfants ont eux aussi le statut de leur pere :
s’il est indien, ils le sont ; sinon, ils ne le sont pas. Il y
a trois exceptions 5 cette regle :
° Tout enfant illégitime d’une femme indienne est lui-meme
indien, sauf si les membres de sa bande s’objectent et
sont en mesure de prouver que le pere n’est pas indien.
°’ La deuxieme exception est connue sous le nom de ” clause
des deux meres ” (paragraphs 12 (1) (a) (iv)), voulant
que, lorsqu’un Indien atteint l’§ge de 21 ans, il perd le
droit d’etre considéré comme Indien si sa mere et sa
grand-mere paternelle n’étaient pas elles-memes indiennes
avant leur mariage. cet article fut introduit en 1951 par
suite des pressions exercées en vue de trancher dans un
sens ou dans l’autre la question des ” quarts-sang “,
quoiqu’il ne soit pas inspire de la notion veritable de
“quart-sang “.
° Les enfants illégitimes de peres ou de meres non indiens
n’ont pas le droit d’etre inscrits comme Indiens.
Le regime est patrilocal. attendu que le lieu de residence et
l°appartenance e une bande d’une femme dependent du lieu de
résidence et de l‘appartenance de son mari. Ainsi, une non-
Indienne qui epouse un Indien devient e1le—meme Indienne et,
par consequent, membre de la bande, ce qui lui confers le droit
de vivre au sein de cette bande et de participer a ses
activités. ‘Une femme indienne qui epouse un Indien membre
d’une bande autre que la sienna perd son appartenance A sa
bande natale et-devient membre de cells de son mari. Une
Indienne qui epouse un non-Indien perd son statut d’Indienne
ainsi que les droits qui découlent de son appartenance a sa
bande.
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Plusieurs bandes ont invoque certains articles de la loi en vue
~d’etre dispensees des dispositions discriminatoires de la Loi
sur les Indiens. En date du mois de fevrier 1983, 72 bande?“
avaient soumis des demandes d’exemption de l’article l2 (1) (b) :
de ce nombre, 65 ont fait l’objet d’arretes ministeriels et 64
de proclamations. En outre, 291 bandes ont demande qu’on les
exempte de la clause des deux meres ; 284 de ces demandes ont
fait l’objet d’arretes ministeriels et 283 de proclamations.
Historique
Les premieres lois sur les autochtcnes ne faisaient aucune
distinction entre hommes et femmes. Les predecesseurs des
articles 11 et 12 (l) (b) actuels n’ont ete inclus dans la
legislation pertinente qu’en 1869. ‘ ‘
Les revisions apportees a la loi par la suite s’avererent plus
restrictives. Bien que les criteres d’appartenance aient ete
conformes aux moeurs de l’epoque ou ils ont ete determines. ils
s’averent inacceptables a une epoque oh l’on prene l’egalite
devant la loi et le meme traitement pour tous les citoyens
independamment de leur sexe et de leur statut matrimonial.
La loi a done ete contestee devant les tribunaux et devant une
assemblee internationals. En 1970, Mme Jeannette Lavell,
une Ojibwa qui avait epouse un non-Indien, en appela en cour de
la decision de rayer son nom du registre des membres indiens en
invoquant que cette decision allait 5 l’encontre de la Charte
canadienne des droits et libertes. En 1973, la Cour supreme du
Canada, donnant_suite §‘plusieurs jugements des tribunaux de
premiere instance, decreta que la Charts canadienne des droits
et libertes ne s’appliquait pas a l’action de la Loi sur les
Indiens. L’article l2 (1) (b) fut juge valide en soi.
En 1977, Mme Sandra Lovelace, une Indienne qui avait perdu
son statut natal en epousant un non-Indien, presents une
communication aux Nations unies alleguant que le Canada violait
le Pacte international sur les droits civils et politiques par
.1’action de l’article 12 (l) (b) de la Loi sur les Indiens.
Le Comite des droits de la personne des Nations unies,
considerant que Mme Lovelace s’etait mariee avant que le
Canada ratifie le pacte, ne donna pas suite aux allegations de
Mme Lovelace relativement e l’article 12 (1) (b).
Toutefois le comite, dans la decision qu’il rendit en juillet
1981, decreta que compte tenu des effets a long terme sur le
mariage de Mme Lovelace, le Canada avait enfreint
l’article 27 du pacte (les droits des minorites) etant donne
que Mme Lovelace n’avait pas droit de cite dans sa bande
natale et se voyait privee de la jouissance de sa vie
communautaire et culturelle. –
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Dans un cas de date plus recente, Mme Paula Sappier Sissons
a fonde sa communication aux Nations unies sur la meme
affirmation que Mme Lovelace. avec cette difference que
Mme Sissons s’etait mariee apres 1979, subsequemment a la
ratification du pacte par le Canada. Le Comite des droits de
la personne sera donc en mesure de determiner si oui ou non
l’article 12 (1) (b) va a l‘encontre de l’engagement-qu’a pris
le Canada de s’abstenir de toute discrimination fondee sur le
sexe.
En juillet 1980, les deputes feminine de tous les partis
politiques a la Chambre des communes se sont liguees pour la
premiere fois en vue de soumettre une declaration pressant le
gouvernement de mener immediatement a bonne fin les –
negociations avec tous les organismes et bandes indiennes a
travers le Canada pour amender la Loi sur les Indiens en vue de
garantir aux femmes autochtcnes etfe leurs enfants le plein
statut ainsi que tous leurs droits au Canada.
En depit de l’article 15 de la Charte des droits et libertes,
le Comite inuit sur les questions nationales et le Conseil
autochtone du Canada s’accordent pour dire qu’il faudrait une
reconnaissance officielle dans la Constitution que les droits
autochtcnes s’appliquent egalement aux femmes et aux hommes.
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Fevrier 1983
ORGANISATIONS AUTOCHTONES AU CANADA
Il.existe plusieurs associations nationales, provinciales et
territoriales qui representent les autochtcnes et leurs
interets (voir l‘appendice A). Le developpement de ces
associations dans les dernieres dix annees a permis aux
autochtcnes d’avoir plus largement acces 3 tous les niveaux de
la structure politique canadienne. Ces associations jouissent
de fonds reguliers en provenance du gouvernement federal pour.
l’administration de base, la recherche sur les revendications
territoriales, les negociations, la recherche sur la Loi sur
les Indiens et le fonctionnement de certains programmes. Ils
recoivent egalement des subventions particuliéres pour les
activites reliees au mecanisme constitutionnel. Ces ‘
associations font regulierement office de plaideurs aupres de
tous les niveaux gouvernementaux au nom de chaque bande. Le
premier ministre a invite trois organisations nationales a
prendre part a la Conference des premiers ministres. I1 s’agit
de :
I) L’Assemb1ee des premieres nations
C’est la plus importante association d’Indiens
inscrits.‘ Elle agit au niveau national en vue de
representer les bandes indiennes du Canada. L’APN a
ete officiellement constituee a la rencontre des
chefs indiens qui s’est deroulee a Penticton
(Colombie-Britannique) en avril 1982. Elle devait_
alors remplacer l’ancienne organisation indienne
appelee la Fraternite indienne nationals.
II) Le Comite inuit sur les questions nationales
Cette organisation a ete constituee 3 la rencontre
generale des Inuits Tapirisat du Canada en 1979 en
vue de s’occuper de la situation constitutionnelle
des Inuits. Les Inuits Tapirisat representent les
membres de cette communaute canadienne par le biais
de sept associations regionales.
III) Le Conseil des autochtcnes
Le Conseil des autochtcnes du Canada a ete mis sur
pied en 1970 pour servir de porte-parole aux Metis
et aux Indiens non inscrits du Canada. Chaque
association membre determine ses propres criteres
d’admissibilite. Le but general du conseil est
/‘V- I- __ .11?! d’encouraqer la participation entiere des Metis et
APPENDICE A
ORGANISATIONS AUTOCHTONES DU CANADA
Associations indiennes (nationales/provinciales/
territoriales)
Associations autochtcnes (nationales/provinciales/
territoriales)
Associations inuites (nationales/provinciales/
territoriales)
Associations de femmes autochtcnes (nationales/
provinciales/territoriales)
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A§SOCIATIONS INDIENNES
NATIONAL§§
Assembles des premieres President Dave Ahenakew
nations
222, rue Queen _ Telex 053-3202
Bureau 500 Telephone (613) 236-0673
Ottawa (Ontario)
KlP 5V9
PROVINCIALBS ET TERRITORIAL§§
Alberta
Association indienne de President Charles wood
l’Alberta –
203-11710, avenue Kingsway Telex 037-3735-
Edmonton (Alberta) Telephone (403) 452-7221
TSG OX5 . –
Colombie-Britannique
Union des chefs indiens de President Robert Manuel
’ 045~4220
la Colombie-Britannique. Telex
(604) 684~023l
440, rue West Hastings _ Telephone
Vancouver (Colombie-Britannique)
V68 lLl
Manitoba
Confederation des quatre Coordonnateur Larry Starr
nations
274, rue Garry Telex .07-S5238
Winnipeg (Manitoba) Telephone (204) 944-8245
R3C lH3 A
Keewatinowi et Okimakanak du Responsables Chef Joe G. Wood
Manitoba (204) 462-2106
145-74, chemin Caribou Chef Robert Wavey
Thompson (Manitoba) (204) 652-2219
R8N 0L3 Chef Maggie Balfour
(204) 359-6616
Chef Charles Constant
(204) 623-5483
Nouveau-Brunswigg
Union des Indiens du Nouveau- President Graydon Nicholas
Brunswick Telex 014-46185
35, rue Dedam _ Telephone (506) 472-6281
Fredericton (Nouveau-Brunswick)
EBA 2V2 – – –
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Territoires du Nord-Ouest
Nation Dene President Georges Erasmus
CP 2338 Telex 034-45556
Yellowknife (TN-O) ‘ Telephone (403) 873-4081
XOE 1H0
Nouvelle-ficosse
Union des’Indiens de President Noel Doucette
Nouvelle-Ecosse Telex 019-35274
CP 961 , Telephone ‘(902) 539-4107
Shubenacadie (Nouvelle—Ecosse) (902) 539~4230
BlP 6J4 –
Ontario
Association des Iroquois President Gordon Peters
et Indiens allies ~ Telex 064-7101
920, chemin Commissioners Est Telephone (519) 681-3551
London (Ontario) ‘
NSZ 3J1
Chefs de l’Ontario Directeur administratif Ava Sutherland
1411-2, rue Carlton ” Telex 06-23877
Toronto (Ontario) Telephone (416) 596-0618
MSB 1J3 :
Traite du Grand Conseil Grand Chef John Kelly
n? 3 Telex . 075-92513
CP 1720 Telephone~ (807) 548-4214
Kenora (Ontario) _ (807) 543*4215
P9N 3×7 –
Nation Nishnawbe-Aski President Wally McKay
71, 139 Avenue Telex 067-81595
Timmins (Ontario) Telephone (705) 267-7911
P4N 1C2
Union des Indiens de l’Ontario President Joe Miskokamon
27, rue Queen Est, 29 etage Telex 06-22710
Toronto (Ontario) Telephone (416) 366-3527
MSC lR2
£le—du-Princejédouard
Bande Abegweit President Chef James Sark
cp 220 A , Telex CNCP 111
Cornwall (I-P~E) Telephone (902) 675-3842
COA 1H0
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Bande de Lennoxfilslgnd
Lennox Island (I—P-E)
COB lP0
Quebec
La Confederation des Indiens
du Quebec
CP 810
Kahnawake (Quebec)
JOL lB0
Conseil Attikamek-Montagnais
Boulevard Bastien
Village des Hurons
Lorette (Quebec)
GOA 4V0
Le Grand Conseil des Cris
1500, chemin Sullivan
Val-d’Or (Quebec)
J9P‘lM1
Saskatchewan
Federation de la nation
indienne de Saskatchewan
lL00, lere Avenue Est
Prince Albert (Saskatchewan)
S6V 2A7
Yukon
Conseil pour les Indiens du
Yukon –
22, promenade Nisutlin
Whitehorse (Yukon)
YlA 2S5
et
151, rue Slater.
Ottawa (Ontario)
KlP 5H3
IHEJ
President
Telex
Telephone
President
Telex
Telephone
President
Telephone
Grand Chef
Telephone
President
Telex
Telephone
President
Telex
Telephone
Gestionnaire
Telephone
Chef Jack Sark
CNCP lll
(902) 831-2779
(902) 882-2002
Joe Stacey
05-24574
(514) 632-7321
Rene Simon
(418) 842-0277
Billy Diamond
(819) 825-3402
Sol Sanderson
074-29228
(306) 764-3411
Saskatoon
665-7781
Regina
949-5666
Sinco
665-0911
Harry Allen
036-8346
(403) 667-7631
Melody Morrisson
(613) 236-9844
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Terre-Neuve
Ktaqmkukewey Mi’Knawey President Calvin White
Saqmawuti Telex. CNCP lll
(Gouvernement indien de
Terre-Neuve)
Conne River . ‘
Bay d’Espoir (Terre—Neuve)
AOH 1J0
Telephone (709) 832-2303
ASSOCIATIONS AUTOCHTONES
NATIONALES
Conseil autochtone du Canada President Louis Bryere
170, avenue Laurier Ouest Telex 053-3301
59 etage ‘Telephone (613) 238-3511
Ottawa (Ontario)’ –
KlP SVS ”
PROVINCIALES ET TERRITORIALES
Alberta
Association Metis de l’Alberta President Sam Sinclair
12750, 1279 rue . ‘
Edmonton (Alberta) Telephone (403) 452-9550
T5L.lA5
Colombie-Britannique
Nations autochtcnes unies President Bob Warren
240-2609, rue Granville .
Vancouver (C-B) Telephone (604) 732a3726
V6H 3H3
Manitoba
Federation des Metis du President Don Mclvor
Manitoba
211, avenue Portage Telephone (204) 956~2070
Piece 100
Winnipeg (Manitoba)
R3B 2A2
Nouveau-Brunswick
Association des Metis et des President Gary Gould
Indiens non inscrits du Telex O14-46139
Nouveau-Brunswick Telephone (506) 455-4370
390, rue King
Fredericton (N-B)
E38 1E3
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Yukon
Conseil pour les Indiens du President Harry Allen
Yukon* .
Telex 036-8346
22, promenade Nisutlin
Whitehorse (Yukon) Telephone‘ (403) 667-7631
YlA 3S5
SE.
151, rue Slater
Bureau 702
Gestionnaire Melody Morrisson
Ottawa (Ontario) Telephone (613) 246-9844
KlP 5H3 –
* Represents 1’union de l’Association du Yukon pour
les Indiens non inscrits et la Fraternite des
autochtcnes du Yukon. On peut rejoindre les deux
associations 3 1’adresse et au numero de telephone
ci-dessus.
Independantes
Association des Metis et President Paul Paradis
des Indiens hors reserve
incorporee Telephone (418) 275-0198
2023, boul. de l’Anse
Roberval (Quebec)
G8H 2N1
Fraternite des autochtones President
de Colombie-Britannique
193, rue Hastings Est Telephone (604) 685-2255
517, edifice Ford~
Vancouver (C-B)
V6A 1N7
ASSOCIATIONS INUITES
NATIONALES
‘Inuit Tapirisat du Canada President John Amagoalik
176, rue Gloucester
39 etage Telephone (613) 238-8181
Ottawa (Ontario)
K2P 0A6
ou
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Frobisher Bay (TN-O)
XOA 0H0
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PROVINCIALES ET TERRITORIALES
Association des Inuits de
la region de Baffin
CP 219
Frobisher Bay (TN-O)
XOA 0H0
Committee for Original
People’s Entitlement
(COPE)
CP 2000
Inuvik (TN-O)
XOE 0T0‘
Institut culturel inuite
Eskimo Point (TN-O)
XOC 0E0
Association des Inuits
Keewatin
Rankin Inlet (TN-O)
XOL 0G0
Association des Inuits
Kitikmeot
CP 88 .
Cambridge Bay (TN-O)
XlE 1C0
Association des Inuits du
Labrador
CP 70
Nain (Labrador)
AOP 1L0
Corporation Makivik
CP 179
Fort Chimo (Quebec)
JOM 1C0
23 .
4898, boul. Maisonneuve Ouest
Montreal (Quebec)
H3Z 1M8
Corporation du developpement
Inuit
280, rue Albert
Bureau 902
Ottawa (Ontario)
K1P 5G8
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President
Telephone
Telephone
Telephone
(819) 979-5391
Peter Green
(403) 979-3510
Thomas Kutluk
(819) 857-2085
Peter Ernerk
(819) 645-2800
Bob Kadlun
(403) 983-2458
Fran Williams
(709) 922-2942
Mary Simon
(819) 964-2925
(514) 483-2780
(613) 238-4981
./Q
… __. an “=5. .§=; .4 :1 I. __ _
46
sssev
A. *~
– 9 _
Inuit Tunganingat President ‘ Quppaqtayarak
Numamini . ‘
Sugluk (Quebec) Telephone 8800
JOM 1C0
(ASSOCIATION DES FEMMES AUTOCHTONES DU CANADA – CONSEIL NATIONAL
Jane Gottfriedson Presidents
Ksremeos (C-B)
Premiere vice-
presidents
Clara Gloade ,
Truro (Nouvells Ecosse)
Marian Sheldon Seconds vice-
Whitehorse (Yukon) presidents
Grace Menard Tresoriers :
Winnipeg (Manitoba)
Agnes Mills Secretaire
Ottawa (Ontario)
Dianna Lazore Dirsctrice –
Ottawa (Ontario) administrative
‘PROVINCIALES ET TERRITORIALES
ORGANISATIONS DES FEMMES AUTOCHTONES
Association des femmes Presidents Darliea Slausnwhits
autochtcnes de Nouvslle-Ecosse
Barss Corner _ Telephone (902) 895-1523′
Lunenburg Co. (N-E) (902) 895-1524
BOR 1A0
Conseil des femmes autochtcnes
du Nouveau-Brunswick
65, rue Brunswick Telephone (506) 454-1518 .
Piece 258
Fredericton (Nouveau-Brunswick)
Association des femmes Presidents Evelyn O’Bomsawin
autochtcnes du Quebec Bouchsrvills (Quebec)
1600, rue Barry Telephone (514) 844-9618
Bureau 288 (514) 844-7777
Montreal (Quebec)
H2L 4E4
‘I-4.
Association des femmes
autochtones de l’Ontario
278, rue Bay
Thunder Bay (Ontario)
P7B 1R8
Association des femmes metis
du Manitoba
801-228, avenue Notre-Dame
Winnipeg (Manitoba)
R3B 1N7
Association des femmes
autochtcnes de la Saskatchewan
1102, rue Angus
Regina (Saskatchewan)
S4T 1Y5
Association des femmes
autochtcnes d’Alberta.
10176, 1179 Rue
Edmonton (Alberta)
TSK 1X3 ~
Association des femmes
autochtcnes de Colombie-
Britannique
116, rue Seymour
Kamloops (C-B)
V2C 2E1
Association des femmes
autochtcnes du TN-O
CP 2321
Yellowknife (TN-O)
XOE 1H0
Association des femmes
indiennes du Yukon
22, promenade Nisutlin
Whitehorse (Yukon)
YlA 385
-10..
Presidents
Telephone
Presidents
Telephone
Presidents
Telephone
Presidents
Telephone
Presidents
Telephone
Presidents
Telephone
(Presidents
Telephone
Donna Phillips
London (Ontario)
(807) 345-9821
Grace Zoldy
(204) 943-0057
Georgina Fisher
(306) 527-1648
Ruth Gladue
(403) 488-9623
~ Mildred Gottfriedson
(604) 374-9412
Bertha Allen
Inuvik (TN-O).
(403) 873-5509
Marion Sheldon
(403) 668-4616
.. ea .__=4__..:4.=; 4 _ =1 1. i_ _
.1. .,.xL1LL|l|ll. ll. ,,
Fevrier 1983
LES PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES ET LA CONSTITUTION
Juin 1978
Janvier 1979
5-6 fevrier 1979
29 avril 1980
(W… __ .. ,]!’J
CHRONOLOGIE DES EVENEMENTS
Presentation par le gouvernement
federal du projet de loi C-60 sur les
modifications 5 la Constitution st
publication d’un document de travail,
le temps d’agir, od l’on propose une
etude des questions autochtcnes.
Le premier ministre Trudeau invite
trois organisations autochtcnes 5
envoyer des observatsurs 5 la
deuxieme conference des premiers
ministres sur la Constitution qui
doit ss tenir en fevrier.
Fort de l’appui de plusieurs premiers
ministres provinciaux, le premier
ministre suggere que les leaders
autochtcnes rencontrent un groups de
ministres provinciaux et federaux
ou encore les premiers ministres des
provinces (ou les deux) afin ds leur
fairs connaitre leurs preoccupations
les participants 5 la conference sont
d’accord. Tout au long ds cs
dialogue sur la Constitution, les
gouvernemsnts federal st provinciaux
conviennent ds mettre 5 l’ordre du
jour la question des ” Psuples
autochtcnes du Canada et la
Constitution “. On decide aussi de
favoriser le plus possible la
participation des autochtcnes 5 ces.
deliberations.
Lors d’une conference nationals des
chefs indiens 5 Ottawa, le premier
ministre Trudeau reaffirms : ” Vous
continusrsz 5 participer aux
deliberations sur les changements
constitutionnels qui vous touchent
directement “. Et il ajouts que du
point de vue federal, ces
deliberations toucheront 5 ” des
questions comme les droits aborigenes
st ceux qui decoulent des traites,
0
I
HI: | in Lxlim nu
9 juin 1980
Aofit 1980
8-12 septembre
Decembre 1980
l’autonomie autochtone interns, la
representation autochtone au sein des
institutions politiques comme le
Parlemsnt et les responsabilites des
gouvernemsnts federal st provinciaux‘
touchant la prestation de services
aux autochtcnes “. Ce jour-15, le
premier ministre annongait que le
gouvernement accorderait une aide‘
financiers aux associations
nationales autochtcnes afin d’appuyer
leurs travaux sur la Constitution.
Rencontre des premiers ministres 5
Ottawa. Le gouvernement federal
propose que les dirigsants
autochtcnes participsnt aux
deliberations sur les ” Psuples
autochtcnes du Canada et la
Constitution “, ou il sera question
des changements constitutionnsls
touchent directement les peuples
autochtcnes.
En preparation 5 la rencontre de
septembre sur la Constitution, qui
doit reunir les premiers ministres,
la Fraternite des Indiens du Canada,
ls Conseil national des autochtcnes
du Canada st ls Comite des Inuits sur
les questions d’interet national
rencontrent les membres du sous-
comite du Comite permanent des
ministres sur les questions
constitutionnellss.
Rencontre des premiers ministres.
Les representants de trois
organisations autochtcnes sont
presents A titre d’obssrvateurs.
Aucune discussion d’importance ns
porte sur les questions autochtcnes.
Avsc l’appui de 14 organisations
provinciales st regionales d’Indiens,
ds Metis st d’Inuits, ls Conseil
national des autochtcnes du Canada
(le 12 decembre) st la Fraternite des
Indiens du Canada (16 decembre) font
une presentation devant ls Comite
conjoint sur la Constitution.
Ifi
lit] I in UNA“! Hi nu
i in hlluli. illlll. um . ,.
13 fevrier 1980
Article 25
Article 34
Article 36(2)
Article 55(c)
5 novembrs 1981
26 novembrs 1981
17 avril 1982
22 juin 1982
14 octobre 1982
Le comite conjoint presents son
rapport 5 la Chambre des communes.
Dans cs rapport, on trouve des
recommendations precises sur les
points suivants :
Les droits st libertes des
autochtcnes auxquels la charts ne
s’applique pas.
Les droits des peuples autochtcnes du
Canada.
La participation.des peuples
autochtcnes aux conferences
constitutionnellss.
Les uestions necsssitant des
modifications conformement aux
procedures generales de
modification.
Le gouvernement federal st les
provinces acceptent de retirer
l’article sur les droits aborigenes
st les droits issus de traites.-
Les gouvernemsnts federal st
provinciaux introduisent l’article
concernant les droits ” existants “,
ancestraux ou issus de traites, des
peuples autochtcnes.
Proclamation de la Loi
constitutionnelle.
Le premier ministre rencontre
separement trois organisations
autochtcnes au sujet des reunions
preparatoires 5 la Conference des
premiers ministres ds mars 1983.
Reunion du comite plenier 5 Winnipeg
en vue ds msttre sur pied les-groupes
de travail.
lll
iii
“In
I L 4 Mn s in ..M1.i|IIlL
4-5 novembre 1982
. 8-9 decsmbre 1982
31 janvisr-
‘let fevrier 1983
28 fevrier –
ler mars 1983
15-16 mars 1983
Reunion du comite plenier 5 Ottawa.
Reunion du comite plenier 5 Montreal
en vue d’etudier les resultats des
deliberations du groupe de travail.
Reunion 5 Ottawa des dirigsants de
trois organisations nationales
autochtcnes avec des ministres des
provinces et des territoires st avec
trois ministres federaux : ls
ministre de la Justice, ls ministre
des Affaires indiennes st du Nord
canadien et le ministre d’Etat au
Developpement social.
A Ottawa, deuxieme reunion au niveau
ministeriel.
Conference des premiers ministres 5
Ottawa.
“ll In MILML HIIIL un_1‘
|.l1|
‘ f‘Cr’§§’§
Février 1983
L’ADMINISTRATION DES AFFAIRES INDIENNES AU CANADA
1755
1782
1796
1800
1816
1828
1830
.]!fl’
UNE CHRONOLOGIE
Nomination par le roi George III de
Sir William Johnson au poste de
surintendant des Affaires indiennes,
district du Nord.
Sir John Johnson est nommé par la
Couronne britannique au poste de
surintendant des Affaires indiennes
avec le nouveau titre de surintendant
général des affaires indiennes et’ ‘
inspecteur général du département
ministériel des Affaires indiennes.
Délégation de la responsabilité des
Affaires indiennes pour le Haut—
Canada au lieutenant-gouverneur.
Délégation de la responsabilité des
Affaires indiennes pour le Bas-Canada
au gouverneur general de l’Amérique
du nord britannique (Canada), nommé
par la Couronne;
Transfert de la responsabilite des
Affaires indiennes dans le Haut et le
Bas-Canada au commandant des forces
armées.
Suppression du poste de surintendant
général des Affaires indiennes et
d’inspecteur general du département
des Affaires indiennes. Creation du
poste de surintendant en chef des
Affaires indiennes.
‘Division du département ministériel
des Affaires indiennes en deux
bureaux. Le lieutenant-gouverneur du
Haut~Canada recoit l’autorité supréme
en ce domaine pour sa section, tandis
que pour le Bas-Canada, cette
autorité demeure la responsabilité du
secrétaire aux Affaires militaires.
C’est egalement a cette époque qu’on
établit le systéme des reserves dans
3*
2
‘.11.: Mn 1 In
H n.,t.L, i.nLLh£.llIll.,
1841
1844
1860
1867
1873
1875
Lors de i’Union de 1841, les deux
bureaux du departement ministerial
sont fusionnes et places sous
l’autorite du gouverneur general.
A la suite d’une recommendation faite
en 1842 par la Commission d’enquete
sur le departement des Affaires
indiennes, on entreprend une
reorganisation complete de ce
ministere du gouvernement
britannique. Le secretaire aux
affaires civiles est nomme au poste
de surintendant general des Affaires
indiennes et le poste de surintendant
en chef est supprime.
Les Affaires indiennes cessent de
relever de l‘autorite imperiale et
sont confiees 5 la province du
Canada. Le ministers des Terres de
la Couronne du gouvernement de la
province unie du Canada prend en
charge les Affaires indiennes et le
commissaire devient surintendant en
chef.
Lors de la Confederation, l’autorite
legislative sur les ” Indiens et les
terres reservees aux Indiens “ est
confiee au gouvernement federal qui
en delegue la responsabilite au
ministers du Secretariat d’Etat pour
les provinces. Le secretaire d’Etat
devient surintendant general des
Affaires indiennes.
Creation du ministere de l‘Interieur
qui comprend une Direction des
affaires indiennes. Creation d’un
conseil de commissaires charges
d’administrer les Affaires indiennes
au Manitoba, en Colombie-britannique
et dans les Territoires du Nord-
Ouest.
Suppression des conseils des Affaires
indiennes et creation d’un systeme de
surintendants et d’agents. Les
surintendances de Victoria, de
Fraser, du Manitoba et du Nord-Ouest
remontent a cette epoque. –
…/3
“=5.” L1,…
{L1 I in IJNLHI mm. a:
IL
1876
1880
1894
1897
1902
l909
1912
1924
in… .. .. ,1-.~.-.-
Promulgation de la Loi sur les
Indiens qui constitue un remaniement
et une fusion de toutes les lois
precedentes concernant les Indiens
des territoires et ds toutes les
provinces existantes. Creation d’un
conseil de commissaires des reserves
charge de regler la question des
reserves indiennes en Colombie-
Britannique.
Formation d’un ministers autonome
pour les Affaires indiennes. Le
ministre de l’Interieur demeurs
cependant surintendant general des
Affaires indiennes st prend la
direction du nouveau ministers.
Creation d’une Direction autonome de
l’enseignement dans le cadre d’un
effort general pour ameliorer les
services d’enseignement offerts aux
Indiens du Canada.
Nomination de M. James A. Smart au
posts de surintendant adjoint des
Affaires indiennes. fl sntrsprend
une reorganisation generale de ce
ministers.
Nomination ds M. Frank Pedley au
posts de surintendant adjoint des
Affaires indiennes, cs qui met fin au
systems voulant que cs posts soit
occupe par ls sous-ministre de
l’Interieur.
M. Frank Pedley sntrsprend la
reorganisation du ministers. Il
etablit plusieurs nouvsllss
directions dans le but de repondrs
aux nouvelles exigences d’un
ministers en expansion.
Institution d’une Commission royals
d’enquete sur les Affaires indiennes
en Colombie~Britanniqus.
Modification de la Loi sur les
Indiens. Les Inuits relevsnt
desormais du surintendant general des
In I Jr milk“! “I n: a
1929
1936
1945
1949
1951
1960
1964
Conclusion d’un accord au sujet des
terres indiennes du Manitoba, ds la
Saskatchewan st de l’Alberta. Cet
accord stipule que les terres des
reserves demeursront sous l’autorite
federals lorsque ces provinces de
l’Ousst prendront en main leurs
rsssources naturelles.
Le ministers des Affaires indiennes
devient une direction du ministers
des Mines et Rsssourcss. La
direction des Affaires indiennes est
confiee au Dr H.W. McGi1l.
Les services ds sante pour les
Indiens quittsnt ls ministers des
Mines et des Ressources st passent au
ministers de la Sante nationals et du
Bien—Etrs social. Les services de
sante pour les Inuits sont egalement
confies 5 cs ministers st ne relevsnt
plus de la Division des territoires
du Nord-Ouest de la Direction des
terres, pares st forets.
La Direction des Affaires indiennes
passe au ministers de la Citoyennete
et de l’Immigration. .
Promulgation d’une nouvelle Loi sur
les Indiens a la suite d’une etude
approfondie effsctuee par une
commission mixts specials du Senat st
ds la Chambre des communes (1946 a
1948).
Creation d’une nouvelle region
administrative, ls district de
Mackenzie, dont ls siege est situe a
Fort Smith, dans les Territoirss du
Nord-Ouest.
Le directeur de la Direction des
Affaires indiennes accede au rang de
sous-ministre adjoint (Affaires
indiennes) au ministers de la
Citoyennste st de l’Immigration. Uns
conference des ministres provinciaux
st federaux a lieu 3 Ottawa.
…/5
1|\
H1“ : In LxI1u1l 111 :s‘ .
I
11:1 J1. Lalluh. 111 nu.
1965
1966
1969
1973
1974
1975
‘llol
La Direction des Affaires indiennes
passe au ministers des Affaires du
Nord et des Ressources nationales.
Creation de l’actuel ministers des
Affaires indiennes st du Nord
canadien.
Publication du livre blanc sur la
politique du gouvernement concernant
les Indiens. Nomination par le
ministre des Affaires indiennes et du
Nord d’un commissaire charge de
s’occuper des revendications des
Indiens.
Publication par le gouvernement
federal d’un enonce de politique sur
les revendications tsrritoriales des
autochtcnes, intitule Declaration au
sujet des revendications des Indiens
et des Inuits.
Le ministers met sur pied le Bureau
des revendications des autochtcnes.
Uns entente est conclue entre la
Fratsrnite des Indiens du Canada et
un comite du Cabinet federal au sujet
de la mise sur pied d’un mecanisme de
consultation suivie sur toutes les
questions touchant les Indiens.
Institution d’une Commission sur les
droits des Indiens du Canada.
Signature du premier reglsment global
portant sur les revendications
tsrritoriales des autochtcnes. Les
signataires sont les Indiens Cris de
la bais James, les Inuits du nord du
Quebec, la province de Quebec et le
gouvernement du Canada.” Le comite
forme ds membres du Cabinet et de la
Fraternite des Indiens du Canada
tient des reunions entre l’automne
1975 st 1977. A peu pres au meme
moment, formation d’un comite compose
de membres du Cabinet et de membres
du Conseil national des autochtones
du Canada. Ce comite se reunit
regulierement.
;_ ,.: 43:: :1 _ :2 _ _._ _
11‘
1 L I 11“ Jh him“! din‘ a
1976
1980
1981
1982
Publication d’un document intitule
Nouvellss relations entre ls
gouvernement federal st les Indiens
dans lequel ls ministers enonce une
politique qui vise 5 encourager la
participation des interesses a
l’elaboration des politiques et des
programmes.
Publication par ls ministers d’un
rapport intitule Les Indiens :
situation actuells ofi l’on constats
que malgre les ameliorations
apportees dans des domainss comme ls
developpement economiqus st
politique, les Indiens continusnt a
etre confrontes a ds graves
problemes.
Publication par le ministers d’une
brochure intitules En touts justice
ofi il est question de la politique du
gouvernement au sujet des reglsmsnts
globaux des revendications des
autochtcnes.
Dans une publication intitules
Dossier en souffrancs, ls
gouvernement enonce une nouvelle
politique sur la question des
revendications particulieres.
-Proclamation de la Loi
constitutionnslle qEi_rsconnait st
confirms les droits existants, _
ancestraux ou issus ds traites, des
peuples autochtones du Canada.
=——: _
5… _._:
._
Fevrier 1983
PROGRAMQES ET SERVICES DU GOUVERNEMENT FEDERAL
A L’INTENTION DES PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES
Ls gouvernement du Canada offrs divers services aux peuples
autochtcnes dans les domainss comme ls logemsnt et les
infrastructures communautaires, l’education, la sante, ls
developpement culturel, ls gouvernement des bandes et les
services sociaux.
Les programmes 3 l’intention des autochtcnes sont de deux
ordres : univsrssl st particulier. Les programmes univsrssls
sont ceux qui, comme les allocations familiales, les pensions
de visillssss st l’assurance-chdmage, sont destines a tous les
Canadisns admissibles. Ces programmes sont ” non
discretionnairss ” en ce sens que la substance et les niveaux
des services offsrts sont sxplicites dans une loi quslconqus.
Les programmes dits particuliers aux autochtonss sont ceux qui
leur sont particuliersment ou principalemsnt destines, ainsi
que ceux dont les principaux beneficiairss sont des
autochtcnes. La plupart des programmes ds cet ordre sont
” discretionnairss ” puisqus la substance et les niveaux des
services offsrts sont determines par ls Cabinet federal, et non
~par legislation specials. Plusieurs des programmes
particuliers aux autochtones, surtout ceux qui touchent les
Indiens inscrits et les Inuits, dispensent des services
fondamsntaux st essentisls comme ls logemsnt, l’education et la
sante.
Les affectations du gouvernement federal aux programmes
particuliers pour les autochtcnes lors de l’exercics 1982-1983
se chiffrent 3 environ l 950 millions ds dollars, repartis
entre l5 ministerss federaux. Le ministers des Affaires
indiennes st du Nord recoit 74 pour cent des affectations
globalss.
Millions ds $
Ministers
Affaires indiennes st du Nord 1 435,1
Sante st Bien-etrs social 238,9
Emploi st Immigration 94,5
Expansion econgmique regionale 38,5
Secretariat d’Etat 32,8
Societe d’hypothequss st ds logemsnt 37,1
Tous les autrss ministeres st organismes (9) 73,9
1 950,8
/ r)
mu.
1. 1 Mn } in LIME imflh
II. I II IMILII Illlll. III ..I ..
1 L I
Le gouvernement federal a une responsabilite particuliers
envers les Indiens inscrits (ceux qui sont inscrits, ou ont ls
droit ds ss fairs inscrirs a titre d’Indiens aux termes de la
Loi sur les Indiens), ainsi qu’envers les Inuits, auxqusls il
dispense divers services essentisls, surtout quand ls besoin
est explicite dans un traite ou quelque autre document
impliquant une obligation legals, comme la Loi sur les Indiens.
En consequence, la plus grands part des depensss du
gouvernement federal est canalises vsrs les Indiens inscrits et
les Inuits.
Affsctations globalss du gouvernement federal
aux groupes autochtonss en 1982-1983
(en millions de S)
Groups autochtone Au sud du 60° Au nord du 60° Eggs;
Indiens inscrits l 492 $ 90 S l 582 $
Inuits l9 144 1631
Metis st
Indiens non inscrits 32 48 80
Groupss non precises 50 – 50
l 593 $ 282 $ 1 875 $*
* Cs tableau a ete elabore a partir d’une etude anterieure
moins detailles a cells d’oD a ete tire ls premier tableau.
Les services aux Indiens inscrits
Les affectations dirsctes du gouvernement federal aux Indiens
inscrits couvrent les services d’education, 1’assistancs
I socials, les soins ds sante communautaires et les programmes
d’aids economique. La plupart des programmes federaux touchent
-les Indiens inscrits residant dans les reserves. Actusllement,
les affections du gouvernement federal aux Indiens inscrits
resident dans des reserves se chiffrsnt 3 environ 6 330 $ par
individu.
…/3
IL “I
Hi: I III. Idlull.
HI. 5 in IIIILMI Em 1|“.
Affsctations du gouvernement federal
aux Indiens inscrits vivant au sud ds 60° nord
(part categorie de programme, 1982-1983)
Categorie Millions de $ Pourcentags
Education 436,0 29,2
Services sociaux 270,5 18,1
Sante 204,9 13,7
Culture 18,9 ’ 1,3
Justice 2,0 4 0,1
Logsment st
infrastructures communautaires 215,4 14,4
Emploi st
developpement economique 123,5 8,3
Gouvernsmsnt des bandes 67,8 4,5
Divers 8 47,7 3,2
Frais d’administration l05,3 7,1
total 1 492 $ 100 %
Les bandes touchess par les programmes subventionnes par ls
gouvernement administrent elles-memes l‘equivalent de la moitie
ds chaque dollar.
Les services aux Indiens inscrits
vivant 3 l’sxterisur de leur reserve
Depuis ls milieu des anness l960, ls nombre d’Indiens inscrits
vivant a l’sxterisur ds leur reserve a augmente de 42 000 qu’il
etait en 1966 3 93 000 -~ soit 29 pour cent de tous les Indiens
inscrits -— en 1980. Cetts emigration a ete la plus marques
dans les grands st moysns centres de population de l’Ousst,
surtout a Winnipeg, Regina st Vancouver.
Des complications sont survenues dans ls mods d’administration
des services aux Indiens inscrits vivant a l’sxterisur ds leur
reserve. Les services ds sante, par sxempls, sont dispenses
d’offics par les provinces aux Indiens au meme titre qu’e tous
les citoysns. Toutefois, dans csrtainss provinces les Indiens,
n’ont droit a l’assistancs st aux soins a leurs snfants qu’au
terms de l2 mois de residence ininterrompue hors ds leur
reserve.
…/4
11.:
.3
3::
.3. 5….
_,. _
_
.2
_;
“I n :‘
L.nUh EIIIIL
Les Indiens inscrits qui veulent obtenir quelque service a
1’extérieur de leur reserve sont confrontes a des difficultés
et il arrive souvent que les services disponibles ne
correspondent pas 3 leurs besoins. Les Indiens qui quittent
leur réserve pour un temps limité doivent recourir 3 la fois a
des agences fédérales et provinciales quand ils cherchent a
obtenir divers services.
Les services aux Métis
et aux Indiens non inscrits
Les Métis et les Indiens non inscrits ne sont pas considérés
comme Indiens tels que les définit la Loi sur les Indiens.
Jusqu’a une date relativement recente, en régle générale, ils
n’ont eu accés qu’aux services dispenses a tous les citoyens.
Depuis une vingtaine d’années cependant, a cause de leurs
besoins particuliers, divers programmes ont été mis sur pied au
profit des Metis et des Indiens non inscrits.
‘Société d’hypothéques – Logements ruraux_et
et de logement logements pour les
autochtcnes
Emploi et Immigration – Formation 3 1’emp1oi,
creation d’emp1ois et
developpement du marché du
travail
Santé et Bien-étre social ~ Programme national de lutte
contre l’abus de 1’alcoo1
chez les autochtcnes
Expansion économique régionale – L’Administration du
rétablissement agricole et
1’Entente sur les terres du
Nord
Secretariat d’§tat – Programme des citoyens
~ autochtcnes
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Les services aux Inuits
La plupart des services accessibles aux Inuits de la region de
1’Arctique sont dispenses par le gouvernement des Territoires
du Nord-ouest, dont 80 pour cent des revenus proviennent de
pérequations du gouvernement federal. Les Inuits du nord du
Quebec ont accés a des services comparables dont certains sont
dispenses par le gouvernement provincial et d’autres par le
gouvernement elu des Inuits du Quebec qui a ete forme en 1975
suite 3 l’Accord sur la baie de James et le nord du Quebec. Au
Labrador, et conformement a un accord federal-provincial de
partage des frais, le gouvernement de Terre~Neuve est le
principal responsable de l’administration des services aux
Inuits.
(W… __ .]!t|
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Fevrier 1983
BIBLIOGRAPHIE CHOISIE DES PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES
Cette bibliographie n’est evidemment pas exhaustive. Elle
signale en fait les documents qui s’avereraient utiles 3
l’etude des points constitutionnels prevus 5 l’ordre du jour de
la Conference des premiers ministres, les 15 et 16 mars 1983, 5
Ottawa. On retrouve au cours des annees plusieurs autres
volumes, etudes et rapports publies relativement aux peuples
autochtcnes du Canada.
Veuillez noter que les publications emanant du ministere des
Affaires indiennes et du Nord sont offertes au public an
comptoir de renseignements qui se trouve au siege principal du
10, rue Wellington, 5 Hull (Quebec). Le numero de telephone
pour 1’atteindre en est (819) 997-0380.
Les publications provenant de la Chambre des communes peuvent
etre obtenues du centre de distribution situe sur la Colline
parlementaire 5 Ottawa. Le numero de telephone est
(613) 996-0679.
La plupart des autres publications de la bibliographie se
retrouvent dans les bibliothéques municipales et
universitaires.
IIOI
= .5 1: :12: 4 _ :1. _ .._
ll: ..
AAIUIA Llllll.
BIBLIOGRAPHIE CHOISIE DES PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES
VOLUMES
Abel, A.S., Toward a Constitutional Charter for Canada,
Toronto : University of Toronto, 1980.
Badcock, William, who Owns Canada: Aboriginal Title and
Canadian Courts, Ottawa : Canadian Association in
Support of the Native Peoples, 1976.
Beck, Stanley et Ivan Bernier, ed. Canada and the new
Constitution. 2 volumes. Montreal : The Institute
for Research on public Policy, 1983.
Berger, Thomas. Fragile Freedoms: Human Rights and
Dissent in Canada. Toronto : Clarke, Irwin and
Company Ltd., 1981.
Beaudoin, G.-A. Essais sur la Constitution. Ottawa :
Editions de l’universite d’Ottawa, 1979.
Cardinal, Harold. The Unjust Society: the Tragedy of
Canada’s Indians. Edmonton : M.G. Hurtig, 1969.
Crowe, Keith. A History of the Original Peoples of
‘Northern Canada. Montreal Arctic Institute of
North America, 1974.
Cumming, P. et N. Mickenberg, ed. Native Rights in
Canada. ‘2e edition. Toronto : General Publishing
Co., 1972.
Daniels, Harry. Native People and the Constitution of
Canada; (The Report of the Metis and Non~Status Indian
Constitutional Review Commission). Ottawa : Mutual
Press, avril 1981.
Ferrari, L. Human Rights and the Canadian Indian.
Moncton ° New Brunswick Human Rights Commission,
0
Department of Labour, 1973.
Lysyk, Kenneth M., Q.C. The Rights and Freedoms of the
Aboriginal Peoples of Canada. Chapitre 15, “The
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Commentary”,
W.S. Tarnopolsky and G.~A. Beaudoin. Toronto : The
Carswell Company Limited, 1982.
Patterson, E. Palmer II. The Canadian Indian: A
History Since 1500. Don Mills : Col1ier~Macmil1an
Ltd., 1972.
E V
“J 1|}.
I ll .1 Nu in Mimi
lll: in. “milk u~ . I 5;
Sealey, D. Bruce et V.J. Kirkness, ed. Indians Without
Tipis: A Resource Book by Indians and Metis.
Vancouver : William Clare Limited, 1973.
Sealey, D. Bruce et Antoine S. Lussier. The Metis:
-Canada’s Forgotten People. Winnipeg : Manitoba Metis
Federation Press, 1975. ‘
Sheppard, R. at M. Valpy. The National Deal: The Fight
for a Canadian Constitution. Toronto : Fleet
Publishers, 1982.
Slattery, Brian. The Land Rights of Indigenous Canadian
Peoples as Affected by the Crown’s Acguisition of
their Territories. Texte de doctorat en philosophie,
Oxford, 1979.
Watkins, Mel, ed. Dene Nation — The Colony Within.
Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 1977.
Weaver, Sally. Makinggcanadian Indian Policy: The
Hidden Agenda, 1968 – 1970. Toronto : University of
Toronto Press, 1981.
ARTICLES
Bissonnette, Alain. ” Les droits des autochtcnes et les
territoires du nord-ouest “, Bulletin canadien de
l’aide juridique, Les autochtcnes et la justice au
Canada, numero special, partie I, pp. 133-171, janvier
1982.
Calvin, Eric. “Legal Process and Resolution of Indian
Land Claims”, Studies in Aboriginal Rights, University
of Saskatchewan (Native Law Centre), Saskatoon, 1981.
Denhez, Marc. “Impact of Inuit Rights on Arctic
Waters”, Northern Perspectives, vol. 10, n° 5,
(Sept. “‘ Octo
Jamieson, Kathleen. “Sisters under the skin: the
exploration of the implications of feminist-
materialist perspective research”, Canadian Ethnic
Studies, vol. XIII, n° 1, 1981.
‘Ila-I
:1.
ll. .. V‘
m J In null]: HIML
Ha I :11 Hull! ullll
Lxllull nllllh “I up nr
Lysyk, Kenneth. “Human Rights and the Native Peoples of
Canada”, Canadian Bar Review, 1968.
Lysyk, Kenneth. “The Indian Title Question in Canada:
An Appraisal in the Light of Calder”, Canadian Bar
Review, vol. 51, septembre 1973.
Lysyk, Kenneth. “The Unique Constitutional Position of
the Canadian Indian”, Canadian Bar Review, septembre
1967.
Morisset, Jean. “The Aboriginal Nationhood: the
Northern Challenge and the Construction of Canadian
Unity”, Queen’s Quarterly, ete 1980.
Moss, John E. “Native Proposals for Constitutional
0
Reform”, Journal of Canadian Studies, vol. 15, n 4,
hiver 1980-1981. ‘
Morse, Bradford W., ed. Canadian Legal Aid Bulletin,
National Legal Aid Research Centre, Ire partie,:
janvier_l982, vol. 5, n° 1, Native People and Justice
in Canada, 29 partie (avril~juillet 1982), vol. 5,
nos 2 et 3. Native People and Justice in Canada.
Ottawa.
Slattery, Brian. “Ancestral lands: alien laws,
judicial perspectives on aboriginal land title”,
Osgoode Hall Law School, c. 1983.
Weaver, Sally. “Federal Difficulties with Aboriginal
Rights Demands”, Paper read at the Conference on
Aboriginal Rights, University of Lethbridge, Alberta,
(janvier 18-21 1983). Disponible a l’universite de
Waterloo.
Weaver, Sally. “The Joint Cabinet/National Indian
Brotherhood Committee: unique experiment in pressure
group relations”, Canadian Public Administration, vol.
25, n° 2, eta 1982.
4. ,___ s , _.
_=—: if .4 . E _. ._ _
Mn I lit: Mull “in: . A:
PUBLICATIONS nu MINISTBRE
(MAIN) 5
DES AFFAIRES INDIENNES ET DU NORD
A History of Native Claims Processes in Canada l867~
1979. Ottawa, Canada, 1980. ’
An Overview of Some Recent Research on Attitudes in
Canada Towards Indian People. Ottawa, Canada, 1980.
In all Fairness,
A Native Claims Policy,
Claims.
Comprehensive
Ottawa, Canada, 1981.
Outstanding_Business, A Native Claims Policy, Specific
Claims. Ottawa, Canada, 1982.
The Elimination of Sex Discrimination from the Indian
Act. Ottawa, Canada, 1982.
Atelier de travail de Statistique Canada, Indian
Demographic Patterns and Trends and their Implications
for Policy and Planning. Ottawa, Canada, juin 1980.
Barnhart, R. et D. Madill. ,The Metis as a Factor in the
Euro-Canadian Development of the Canadian West.
Ottawa, Canada, 1978.
Barnhart, R. et D. Madill. Survey of Historical Records
on the Metis. Ottawa, Canada, 1978.
Daugherty, W. et D. Madill. Indian Government Under
Indian Act Legislation: 1868-1951. Ottawa, Canada,
1980.
Freeman, Milton M.R., ed. Inuit Land Use and Occupancy
Project. vol. 1-3, Approvisionnements et services
Canada, 1976.
Knox, R.H. Indian Conditions: A Survey. Ottawa,
Canada, 1980.
Leslie, J. et R. Maguire, ed. The Historical
Development of the Indian Act.
Ottawa,
Canada,
(‘nnnA’«‘&’
Mn I ll. MW: 1:: . u.
I 11 ‘l
Maguire, R. Indian Treaties in Historical Perspective.
Ottawa, Canada, 1979.
Siggner, A. et C. Locatelli. Population Projections for
the Registered Indian Population, 1973-1990. Ottawa,
Canada, 1977.
PUBLICATIONS DE LA CHAMBRE DES COMMUNES
Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence of the Sub~committee
on Indian Women and the Indian Act. Comite permanent
sur les affaires indiennes et le developpement du
Nord. (Nos 1-5) ; Ottawa, Canada, 1982.
Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence of the Special
Committee to act as a Task Force on Indian Self-
Government. Comite permanent sur les affaires
indiennes et le developpement du Nord. (Nos 1~4) ;
l982~1983. –
Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence on the Constitution
of Canada. Comite conjoint special du Senat et de la
Chambre des communes. (Nos l~31) ; Ottawa, Canada,
1980-1981. ‘
PUBLICATIONS DIVERSES
Approvisionnements et Services Canada. Drury, C.M.
Constitutional Development in the Northwest
Territories, Report of the Special Representative.
Ottawa, Canada, janvier 1980. —
L’Imprimeur du roi. Shortt, A. et A.G. Doughty.
Documents relating to the Constitutional History of
Canada 1759-1791. Ottawa, Canada, 1918.
Approvisionnements et Services Canada. Berger, Thomas.
Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry Proceedings.
Burnaby, British Columbia, 1977.
1.:
I. In w “M ii‘ Wu“ -hum:
Berger, Thomas.
Approvisionnements et Services Canada.
Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry Proceeding .
Burnaby (Colombie-Britannique), 1977.
Approvisionnements et Services Canada. Berger, Thomas.
Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland, Report of the
Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquigy, Ottawa, Canada,
1977.
Statistique Canada. Statistics Canada Daily. Peuple
‘ p. 6._ Ottawa,
autochtone, recensement de 1981 ,
Canada, fevrier 1983. –
Canada. Jenness, Diamond. The
Musees nationaux du
6e edition. Ottawa, Canada,
Indians of Canada.
1972.
‘IIAI
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Tuesday, February 1, 1983 Page 7
Table 2
Native People by Type, Canada and Provlnces/Terrltorles
1981
Total Non-
Total Native Status status _
Area Population‘ People Inuit Indian lndlan Métls
Canada 24,083,496 491,460 25,390: 292,700 75.110 98.260
Newfoundland 563,747 4,430 1,850 . 1,010 1.185 385
Prince Edward Island 121,223 .625 30 400 140 50
Nova Scotia 839.801 7.795 130 5,905 1.155 605
New Brunswick 689,373 5,515 5 4.235 865 415
Quebec 6,369,068 52.395 4.375 34.400 5.810 7.310
Ontario 8,534,263 110.060 1.095 70.190 26.090 12.680
Manitoba 1,013,703 66,280 230 39.710 5.555 20.485
Saskatchewan 956,441 59,200 145 37.470 4.135 17.455
Alberta 2.213.651 72.050 510 35.810 8.595 27.135
British Columbia 2,713,615 82,645 515 54.085 19.085 8.955
Yukon 23.074 4.045 95 2.770 990 190
Northwest Territories 45,537 26,430 15.910 6.720 1.205 2.595
I Excludes inmates in institutions.
A word of caution is in order with respect to the use
of data for Status Indians, Non-status Indians and
Métis. Since the terms Status and Non-status reflect a
legal situation it follows that both of these groups may
include persons who are of mixed or other than Native
Indian ancestry. For example, a non-Native woman
married to a Status Indian man legally gains status
rights. Nevertheless, from the point of view of ethnicity
she is still a non-Native. In such cases it is not known
whether individuals reported themselves as Status
Indians or some non-Native ethnic group.
Generally, Non-status Indians are those people who
have not maintained their rights as Status Indians,
while Metis are descendants of the unions of Natives
and non-Natives. As generations pass. however, and
descendants associate more with one culture than the
other it is possible that persons of mixed ancestry may
consider themselves as either Indian or some non-
Native ethnic group such as French or English. The
Census count of Metis, therefore, reflects not so much
the biological origins of the respondents as their iden-
tification with the group. In the Prairie Provinces,
(1.-nnar15’
where association with the history and certain legal
rights of the Métis as a culture is stronger. numbers
reported are relatively higher than elsewhere. In the
other regions it is posslblethat a number of persons of
mixed heritage may have reported themselves as Non-
status Indians or as members of some non-Native eth-
nic group, depending upon the cultural heritage with
which they most Identify.
For further information, contact Sylvla Wargon (613-
995-7946) or Gordon Priest (613-995-4543), Census
and Household Statistics. Statistics Canada, Ottaw
KIA 0T6. ‘
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; N.B. For a discussion of the definition of aboriginal peoples,
see Lysyk, Kenneth, The Rights and Freedoms of the Aboriginal
Peoples of Canada, The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms:
Commentary, Editors, W. S. Tarnopolsky and G. A. Beaudoin,
Carswell Company Ltd., Toronto, 1982.
_.
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Appendix ‘A’
Statistics Canada census figures
Tuesday, February 1, 1983
Page 6
Table 1
Native People, Canada
1931-1981
Native lndian Metis (Mixed
Total Native and
Census Total Native Inuit Non- Non-native
Year Population People (Eskimo) Total Status status ‘ Ancestry)
1931 10,376,786 128,8901 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
1941 11,506,655 160,937? 7.205 118,316 N.A. N.A. 35.416
1951 14,009,429 165.6073 9.733 155,874 N.A. N.A. N.A.
1961 – 18,238,247 220.1213 11.835 208,286 N.A. N.A. N.A.
1971 ’21 ,568,311 312,765‘ 17,550 295,215 N.A. N.A. N.A.
19815 24,083,496 491.4605 25,390 367,810 292,700 75.1 10 98.260
1 Includes Native Indian, Inuit and persons of mixed native and non-native ancestry traced on the mother’s side.
2 Includes Native Indian, Inuit and persons of mixed native and non-native ancestry traced on the father’s side.
3 Includes Native Indian, Inuit and some persons of mixed native and non-native ancestry living on Indian reserves or traced on
the father’s side.
4 Includes Native Indian and Inuit only, traced on the father’s side.
5 includes Native Indian. Inuit and self-reported Metis, traced through both parents.
6 Excludes inmates.
N.A. Not available or not published.
Native People. 1981 Census of Population
The 1981 Census of Population revealed that more
than 491,000 Canadians reported themselves as Native
People, including over 25,000 Inuit, close to 293,000
Status Indians, over_75,000 Non-status Indians and
more than 98,000 Métis. This was the first census that
specifically attempted to identify the Metis people,
although the 1941 Census recorded 35,416 persons of
mixed Native and non-Native ancestry.
in censuses from 1911 to 1931, people with Native or
mixed Native ancestry were reported as Native Indian
or Eskimo, and the line of descent was traced through
the mother’s side (non—-Native ancestry was traced
through the father’s side). Thus, in these earlier cen-
suses persons of mixed ancestry would have been
included in the total counts of Native People if they so
reported.
In the censuses of 1951 and 1961, persons of mixed
Native ancestry were included in the count of Native
People if they lived on an Indian Reserve. If they did
not live on a reserve they were reported as a Native
Person only if they could claim Native ancestry on the
father’s side. This represented a marked change in
procedure from the earlier censuses and may have
resulted in lower overall counts of Native People in ’
those two censuses.
in 1971, the first self-enumeration census, Native
People were reported as Native lndian (band), Native
Indian (non-band) or Eskimo. There were no provi-
sions tor reporting mixed Native ancestry. Therefore, it
is possible that many such persons were not included
in the total counts of Native People in the 1971 Census.
Table 1 reflects historical counts of Native People
with cautionary notes on the degree of comparability.
The censuses of 1941 and 1981 are the most directly
comparable in that both made an explicit attempt to
individually enumerate persons of mixed Native
ancestry. While the total population increased by 109%
during this 40-year period, Native People increased by
205%. The most notable increase of 252% was among
the Inuit, while Native Indians increased by 210°/o.
These increases are due almost exclusively to natural
causes such as higher fertility and lower mortality.
Thus, it is interesting to note that the non-Native popu-
lation has grown at a much lower rate even though it
has also been augmented by immigration.
The Metis population, as reported, has increased
177%, a growth rate less than that of the Native Indians
and the Inuit but considerably more than that of the
non-Natives.
These significant increases in the counts of Native
People have taken place primarily since 1941. Earlier
records indicate that this population was relatively
stable during the 1901 to 1931 period when it averaged
about 120,000 persons.
Table 2 shows the number who reported themselves
as Native People in the 1981 Census. in that year they
constituted about 2.0% of the total population. How-
ever, the proportion varied considerably by province.
in Prince Edward island. Native People accounted for
only 0.5% of the total, while in Manitoba they made up
6.5%, the highest among the provinces, but lower than
the Yukon (17.5%) and the Northwest Territories
(58.0%). Just over one—third of the total population of
the Northwest Territories is lnuit. Northern Quebec
and the northern Labrador region of Newfoundland
are the only other areas with lnuit concentrations.
Persons who reported that they have retained their
rights as Status lndian are most numerous in Ontario
and British Columbia although there are also signifi-
cant concentrations in Quebec and the Prairie
Provinces.
(continued)
till i ll. hllililii
ll.
Metis
Two-thirds of Métis people live in Alberta, Manitoba and
Saskatchewan and the North with smaller concentrations in
Ontario, British Columbia, Quebec, and the Maritimes.
Inuit ,
Canada’s Inuit live in small communities in the Mackenzie
Delta, along the mainland coast of the Northwest Territories,
on the shores of Hudson and Ungava Bays, in Labrador and in
settlements on the Arctic Islands. The communities are
situated for the most part on bays, river mouths, inlets or
fiords. .
…/4
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Location of Inuit Communities
Sachs Harbouf
Tumoyamuig Clyde River
amughton Island
Pan9|”‘“‘“9 .
aaker Lake .
Killlnlq
Rankin IMO‘
Whale COW
Kanalqsuq K.n9|qw.|u[]uaQ
Povungnituk
Eskilm 9°“ Nain C Hgpedalo
Kuuiil-I89
Inuk|”°‘1
sanlklluaq v
Makkovik atgolct
xuunuuraaplk
Aboriginal Languages
There are 10 Indian linguistic groups in Canada: Algonkian,
Iroquoian, Siouan, Athapaskan, Kootenayan, Salishan, Wakashan,
Tsimshian, Haida and Tlingit. Each linguistic group is
composed of a number of sub~groups speaking related languages
or dialects. There are also six recognized Indian cultural
areas across Canada. Although there may be a parallel among
the linguistic and cultural backgrounds of Indian groups,
common linguistic affiliations do not necessarily mean common
cultural affiliations.
For the Inuit, Eskimo-Aleut is the one major linguistic family,
and although Inuktitut is the only language, there are many
dialects.
…/5
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11.. 1 ll nllllltllllll. iii
February 1983
CANADA’S ABORIGINAL PEOPLES
“Aboriginal” or “native”, generally speaking, refers to the
descendants of the original inhabitants of Canada. The
Constitution Act, 1982 specifies that aboriginal peoples
include Indians, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.
Definition
There are no accepted legal definitions of the three aboriginal
peoples identified in the Constitution. The following
descriptions, however, may provide a general concept of each
group. ~ ”
. ‘A status Indian is a person registered or entitled to be
registered as an Indian according to the Indian Act.
Approximately 50 per cent of the status Indians in Canada
are treaty Indians, that is, persons who belong to a body or
band of Indians who were signatories to a treaty with the
Government of Canada.
. The Inuit people are the aboriginal inhabitants of Arctic
Canada generally north of the tree line, including northern
Quebec and Labrador. The federal government’s power to make
laws affecting “Indians and lands reserved for Indians” was
interpreted to extend to Inuit people by the Supreme Court
of Canada in 1939. However, Inuit people are not covered by
the Indian Act. 5
. The term Metis generally refers to people of mixed Indian ,
and white ancestry, particularly those descended from the
population that lived on the Prairies around the time of
Confederation. More recently it has become a term used to
refer to people of Indian-white ancestry anywhere in
Canada.
. A fourth group, non-status Indians, generally includes
Indian people or those descended from them who for one
reason or another have lost their right to be registered as
Indians as defined by the Indian Act. For example, this
group might include the Indian women who have married non-
Indian men or Indians who have renounced or otherwise lost
their status.
…/2
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1.1 .
iii 1,
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Aboriginal Population
At the time of Confederation there were between 100,000 and
125,000 Indians in Canada. According to census information,
since the 1950s, the native population has increased faster
than the national rate. The 1981 census figures put the status
Indian population at 292,700 and non-status at 75,110. The
Inuit population has grown from 7,200 in 1941 to 25,300 in
1981, and the Metis people are estimated to number 98,200, on
the basis of self-identification in the last census. (See
appendix “A” for details).
Location of Aboriginal Peoples
Indians
There are about 573 Indian bands across Canada. The majority
of Indians live in bands with a membership of less than 1,000.
Thirty-nine per cent of bands have 301 to 1,000 population.
Thirty-one per cent have populations between 101 and 300.
Sixteen bands (3 per cent) have a population over 2,000. The
largest band has around 10,000 people and the average band
around 550.
The majority of Indian bands south of the 60th parallel are
located on reserve lands set aside for their exclusive use
through treaties and other legal arrangements. In the Yukon
Territory and Northwest Territories, only a small number of
Indians live on reserve lands. There are 2,252 separate
parcels of reserve land in Canada, with a total area of
approximately 26,525 square kilometres.
In 1980, some 30 per cent of Indians were living off reserves,
compared to less than 16 per cent in 1966. An estimated 65 per
cent of the Indian population is located in rural or remote
communities.
000/3
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February 1983
CANADA’S ABORIGINAL PEOPLE AND THE CONSTITUTION.
In December of l98l, the Canadian Parliament passed a
resolution that formed the basis of a Joint Address to Her
Majesty the Queen from the House of Commons and the Senate,
paving the way for “patriation” of the Canadian Constitution.
The Joint Address included a number of sections designed to
recognize and protect existing aboriginal rights (section 35)
and to ensure that these rights were elaborated upon and
clarified through a later process (section 37(2)). These
sections were the result of sustained negotiations over a
period of almost 18 months and were included in the
Constitution Act following all~party agreement during the final
stages of debate on the resolution.
Early in 1982 the United Kingdom Parliament passed the Canada
Act, which amended the Canadian Constitution to include the
Constitution Act, 1982. ‘
The Constitution Act, 1982 was formally proclaimed by the Queen
in Ottawa on April l7, 1982, as the final step in the process
of “patriation.” I ‘
Section 37 of the act requires the Prime Minister to convene a
meeting of first ministers within one year after proclamation
on constitutional matters that directly affect the aboriginal
peoples of Canada.
The Constitutional Conference of First Ministers will take
place March l5~l6, l983 in Ottawa at the Canadian
Intergovernmental Conference Centre.
The conference will begin the process of identifying and
defining additional rights of the aboriginal peoples of Canada
to be included in the Constitution of Canada. ‘
Participation of aboriginal peoples in the constitutional
conference is also specified in the act. The Prime Minister
has invited representatives of the three national native
organizations to participate directly in the deliberations:
the Assembly of First Nations representing Canada’s status
Indians; the Native Council of Canada representing non-status
Indians and Métis, and the Inuit Committee on National Issues
representing the Inuit.
To support the participation of native organizations in the
constitutional process, an amount of $2,809,910 was earmarked
by the federal cabinet for the fiscal year 1982/83. (See
Appendix A)
f”………..,]!:”.’
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The March conference will break new ground in constitutional
development. For the first time issues fundamental to Canada’s
aboriginal people will receive national attention at a First
Ministers Conference. Also for the first time, representatives
of the aboriginal people will be actively taking part in the
discussions in their own right.
It will also be the first time for elected representatives of
the two territorial governments to.sit at the table to
participate in discussions that directly affect the Yukon
Territory and Northwest Territories.
In preparation for the First Ministers Conference, working
groups dealing with a broad range of political, social and
economic issues have met in Winnipeg, Ottawa and Montreal.
Between October 1982 and the end of the year, officials of the
federal, provincial and territorial governments, the Inuit
Committee on National Issues and the Native Council of Canada
have attended preliminary sessions to clarify positions and
start drafting an agenda.
Two meetings at the ministerial level have taken place in
Ottawa, on January 31 ~ February 1, 1983 and February 28 –
March 1, 1983. Provincial and territorial ministers, the
.federal Ministers of Justice and Indian Affairs and Northern
Development, the Minister of State for Social Development and
the Secretary of State attended, along with leaders of all
three national aboriginal organizations.
As a result of these consultations, unanimous agreement was
reached on the following agenda.
1. Charter of Rights of the Aboriginal Peoples (expanded
Part II of the Constitution Act) including
— Preamble .
– Removal of the word “existing” from section 35 and
expansion of that section to include recognition of
modern treaties, treaties signed outside Canada and
before Confederation, and specific mention of
“aboriginal title” including the rights of
aboriginal peoples of Canada to a land and water
base
– Statement of the particular rights of aboriginal
peoples
– Statement of principles
– Equality
— Enforcement
– Interpretation
.
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will I in lmllll Iifllla
Minister of Justice and lvlinistre de la Justice et
Attorney General of Canada ‘ procureur general du Canada
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– ’ March .1 933
en} 9 3
$9 1%‘ ‘
hwmmpm MEMORANDUM TO THE NEWS MEDIA
This information kit contains a series of background papers
designed to help journalists familiarize themselves with the
complex issues of aboriginal rights to be discussed at the
Conference of First Ministers in Ottawa on March l5 and 16,
1983.
Every effort was made to present the information as objectively
as possible. Please note that the contents do not necessarily
reflect official policies and positions of the Government of
Canada.
Contents
1. The Canadian Constitution, 1981
2. Canada’s Aboriginal People and the Constitution
3. Canada’s Aboriginal Peoples
4. Sections of the Constitution Act, 1982 relating to
the Aboriginal People in Canada ‘
5. Rights of Indian Women
6. Aboriginal Organizations in Canada
7. Chronology of Events: Aboriginal People and the
Constitution
8. Chronology of the Administration of Indian Affairs in
Canada
9. Federal Programs and Services for Aboriginal People
10. Selected Bibliography
Ref: Francine Girard
(613) 593-6886
._.
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epeal of Part
9.. The said Act is further amended by
adding thereto. immediately after section 54
thereof. the following section:
“$4.! Purl IVJ. and this section are
v.1 and this ” repealed am April lll, 1937 .”
action
References
Citation
3 – The said Act is further amended by
adding thereto the following section:
“61. A reference to the Constitution
Acts, 1867 to 1982 shall be deemed to
include a reference- to the Constitution
Amendment Proclamation. I98 .”
7 . This Proclamation may cited as the
Constitution – Amendment
1983.
Proclamation.
9 , La inéme loi est modifiée par insertion.
aprés l’article 54, de ce qui suit :
.54.! La partie lV.l et ic préscnt arti-
cle sont abrogés le 18 avril 1987.» .
6.1.. La meme 12.1 est modifiéc par ad)onc-
tion de ce qui suit :
:61. Tout: mention des Loi: constitu-
tionnelle.: dc I867 21 I982 est réputée cons-
tituer également une mention de la Pro— .
I983 modifiant la”
demotion dc
Constitution.»
‘1 . Tim: de la présente proclamation : Pro-
. demotion de 1983 modij/ion: la C’on:mu-
.. lion. ‘ ‘
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article ’
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DOCOMENT:
FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL MEETING OF MINISTERS
ON ABORIGINAL CONSTITUTIONAL MATTERS
REUNION EéDéRALn-PROVINCIALE on MINISTRES
sun LES QUESTIONS CONSTITUTIONNELLES
INTERESSANT LES AUTOCHTONES
OTTAWA, Ontario
November 2-3, 1983
LIST OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS
830-138/O16
OTTAWA (Ontario)
les 2 et 3 novembre 1983
LISTE DES DOCUMENTS PUBLICS
DOCUMENT no. souacz 1-m..e
u° nu DOCUMENT onncme urns
830-138/006 flanitoba
on March 15-16. 1983
finoncé de principes présenté
autochtcnes tenue a Ottawa
les 15 et 16 mars 1983
830-138/007 Manitoba
March lS~16, 1983
1.‘-— .-o-a..- —..n—-…g__ _‘
A
tutionnelles
-C naouuo _.
830-138/O10 Metis
National “Riel was a Metis Patriot”
Council ‘
Ralliement Communique – Le 2 novembre 1983
national “Riel était un patriots métis”
| des Métis
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Statement of Principles Presented at the
Conference of First Minsiters on Aboriginal
Constitutional Matters held in Ottawa
des Premiers ministres sur les questions
constitutionnelles intéressant les
Framework Agreement Concerning Charter of
Aboriginal Rights Presented at the Conference
of First Ministers on Aboriginal
Constitutional Matters held in Ottawa on
Entente~cadre concernant la Charte des droits
des autochtcnes présenté 5 la Conference des
Premiers ministres sur les questions consti-
intéressant les autochtcnes
tenue 5 Ottawa les 15 et 16 mars 1983
Press Release — November 2, 1983
[ -”r;=.’*.‘%.’»..’:‘2.3s nu PARLEMENT
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5 la Conference
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CE DOCUMENT EST EG.‘.;-..=~. – ‘=~I v‘-‘W–“‘3»‘-‘3
DOCUMENT: 830-138/O06
FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL MEETING OF MINISTERS
ON ABORIGINAL CONSTITUTIONAL MATTERS
Statement of Principles
Presented at the
Conference of First Ministers
on Aboriginal Constitutional Matters
held in Ottawa
on March 15-16, 1983
Manitoba
Ottawa, Ontario
November 2-3, 1983
iiill MIL“! H“. 5‘
DRAFT
STATEMENT or PRINCIPLES
The special status of aboriginal peoples in Canadian
society stems from the fact of their occupation use and
collective ownership of lands in what is now Canada prior
to European settlement and the application of European law.
The aboriginal peoples existed as distinct nations and
exercised self-governing powers over their territory and
over their religious, cultural, social, economic and
political life. _They also exercised control over living
and natural resources of the land they inhabited. Although’
the treaties and.modern agreements have affected the rights
of.the aboriginal nations to some extent, such treaties.and
agreements cannot be construed as constituting a general
extinguishment of fundamental aboriginal rights.
Over the several centuries which followed the coming of
white settlement many developments have taken place in the
construction of a Canadian political system. Account must
be taken of Canada’s political and constitutional structure
in the process of identifying and defining aboriginal
rights for inclusion in the Constitution of Canada. For
example, the fiscal and trust responsibility of the Federal
Government stems from the devolution of Crown
responsibility (which responsibility is defined in part in
the Royal Proclamation of 1763); and such responsibility
cannot be unilaterally abandoned.
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II.
It is also the case that the right of the aboriginal
peoples to self-government (which is hereby recognized and
affirmed) must now be further developed in the context of
the Canadian Constitution.
The subscribing parties to this Statement of Principles
recognize the following attributes of aboriginal rights for
the express purpose of providing a basis upon which
the constitutional recognition of those rights shall be
further elaborated within the Constitution of Canada and
reflects a commitment by the Federal and Provincial.
Governments of Canada, in the spirit and intent of S.
37(2), to elaborate and secure the rights and freedoms of
the Aboriginal peoples of Canada:
(1) Aboriginal rights and title are based on but are not
confined to the use and occupancy by the original‘
peoples of land over which they exercised collective
control and governance.
(2) The rights of the aboriginal peoples include:
‘(a) Aboriginal title and land entitlements, as
modified and secured by treaties and agreements
analogous to treaties, which title and claims are
not subject to arbitrary interference of .
appropriation.
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(3)
(D)
(c)
(en
(e)
The right to have treaties and analogous
agreements constitutionally protected.
The right to self-government subject to the
Canadian Constitution and within the Canadian
Confederation.
The right to preserve and develop their own
distinct aboriginal cultures, languages and
religions free from arbitrary interference.
fish, trap and
Their historic right to hunt,
gather, and their right to participate in the
protection and enhancement of living resources of
the land for the continued use, benefit and
enjoyment of all Canadians both present and
future.
It is recognized as essential that the aboriginal
peoples have the right to benefit fully from the use
of their lands and renewable and non-renewable
resources as a base for self-sufficiency,
and for the
social, economic and political development of their
communities.
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(4)
(5)
(6)
It is further recognized that a special relationship
of fiscal responsibility exists between the aboriginal
peoples and the Federal Government. Section 9l(24) of
the Constitution Act, 1867 is only one expression of
that relationship as it applies to Indians and the
Inuit. The Federal Government and the Provincial
Governments have special responsibilities to the Metis.
as well.
It is further recognized that, when defining and
developing aboriginal institutions of self-government,
it will be essential that adequate fiscal resources be
M made available to the aboriginal peoples. Such
resources are required to provide services reasonably
comparable to those available to Canadians generally,
taking into account the special social, cultural and
economic needs of aboriginal peoples.
It is further recognized that, consistent with the
present division of Federal and Provincial
responsibilities for the delivery of programs relating
to health, education, community services and economic
development, and consistent with fiscal responsibility
as above stated, program delivery should be
transferred to the developing institutions of
aboriginal self-government.
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(7)
(8).
(9)
It is further recognized that rights to be identified
and defined for inclusion in the Constitution of
Canada shall not derogate from other rights enjoyed by
the aboriginal peoples.
It is further recognized that there should be a clause
in the Constitution expressly providing for the
enforcement of the collective and individual
aboriginal rights guaranteed by the Constitution.
It is further recognized as a matter of principle:
(a) that the aboriginal peoples should have the
right to initiate amendments to those
constitutional provisions which directly and
exclusively affect them, such initiation to take
place through their representative national
organizations; and
(b) that no amendment to the Constitution of Canada
A which directly and exclusively affects one or
more of the aboriginal peoples may be made
without the agreement of those aboriginal peoples
so affected. Such agreement can only be given or
withheld by the representative national
organization of those aboriginal peoples.
1’42‘.
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CE DOCUMENT EST EGALE.‘AC.‘2T D’.‘3PON|”.3-
DOCUMENT:
FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL MEETING OF MINISTERS
ON ABORIGINAL CONSTITUTIONAL MATTERS
Framework’Agreement Concerning Charter
of Aboriginal Rights
Presented at the
Conference of First Ministers
on Aboriginal Constitutional Matters
held in Ottawa
on March 15-16, 1983
Manitoba
‘:2 {EN FRANCAIS
830-138/007
Ottawa, Ontario
November 2-3, 1983
nu.
I. . N. : mm mm .ll|lL
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FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT CONCERNINC
CHARTER OF ABORIGINAL RIGHTS
Subscribing First.Ministers and the leaders of the Aboriginal
people agree:
That Part II of the Constitution Act, 1982 remain, be revised
and be entitled Aboriginal Charter of Rights.
That rights=of aboriginal people be recognized as collective
and individual rights.
That the-word.”existing” is to.be-removed from 8. 35(1) when
particular rights are defined and entrenched and that_the word
“guaranteed“’be-added after the word “affirmed”.
That Part II include:
(a) A definition of’the term “Aboriginal peoples”.
(b) A statement concerning and a definition of aboriginal
title including the rights of the Aboriginal peoples of
Canada to a land base.
(c) A clause concerning aboriginal rights, including customary,
linguistic, cultural and spiritual rights.
(d) An enforcement clause.
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IIIAI I II: MIIHII IIAIIE“. u
(e)
(f)
(9)
(h)
(i)
‘(j)
(k)
A clause relating to the initiation of amendments to any
item included in Part II.
A clause relating to the-role of the Aboriginal peoples
with respect to amendments directly affecting them whether
contained in Part II or not.
A clause relating to the questions of fiscal responsibility
and program delivery.
A clause concerning the status of treaties and analogous
agreements including the implementation of treaties..
A clause concerning economic rights and benefits, including
hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering rights: and
concerning benefits from.the development of renewable and
non-renewable resources to which there are aboriginal or
treaty entitlements.
Clauses relating to:self-government for Indians, Inuits
and Metis.
A clause-relating-to equal rights for Aboriginal women and
men 0
, ,,_;__ “__§…§.: .4 W :2 _. __ E
In I III IalI“I.I.:Imun nu II‘
I I121
CE DOCUMENT EST EGALEMENT DISPONIBLE EN FRANCAIS
DOCUMENT: 830-138/010
FEDERAL~PROVINCIAL MEETING OF MINISTERS
ON ABORIGINAL CONSTITUTIONAL MATTERS
Press Release – November 2, 1983
“Riel was a Metis Patriot”
Metis National Council
Ottawa, Ontario
November 2-3, 1983
III I In IIIIHII IIHIII III um.
I
III. IIIIHII III} I
METIS NATIONAL COUNCIL
S01 – 63 SPARKS STREET,
OTTAHA, ONTARIO KlP SA6
(613) 230-7240
PRESS RELEASE
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE ~ NOVEMBER 2 1983
‘RIEL HAS A METIS PATRIOT’
THE METIs NATIONAL CouNcIL QUESTIONS RECENT STATEMENTS
BY BRIAN MULRDNEY To THE EFFECT THAT THE PRDGREssIvE CoNsERvATIvE
PARTY HAS PAID OFF ITS HISTORICAL DEBT TowARDs FRANCOPHONES A
BY SUPPORTING A CONSTITUTIONAL RESOLUTION FOR FRENGH LANGUAGE
RIGHTS IN MANITOBA. IF A DEBT Is To BE PAID, IT Is To
‘ THE METIS PEOPLE WHOSE LAND RIGHTS, LIKE FRENCH LANGUAGE
RIGHTS, WERE BUILT INTO THE MANITOBA ACT, HERE ALSO STRUCK
DowN BY AMENDMENTS, BUT UNLIKE LANGUAGE RIGHTS, ARE IN
No WAY covERED BY THE REsoLuTIoN. THE DEBATE IN MANITOBA
IGNoREs THE FACT THAT RIEL WAS A METIB, NOT A FRENGH-CANADIAN,
NATIONALIST, AND THAT NHAT HE FOUGHT FOR – THE RIGHTS
os THE METIs TO A LAND BASE AND sELF-GDYERNNENT – ARE
STILL NOT REsPEcTED. IF THE ToRIEs HAVE CLEARED THEIR
NAME IN QUEBEC, THEY sTILL HAVEN’T ADDRESSED THE GRIEvANcEs
OF RIEL’s coNsTITuENTs, THE METIS.
ONCE AGAIN NE HAVE BEEN RELEGATED TO A FOOTNOTE TO
THE ENGLISH-FRENGH CONFLICT IN CANADA. WE ARE DISMAYED
BY THE sELEcTIvE JUSTICE BEING sHowN BY ALL NATIONAL POLITICAL I
PARTIES AS THEY TRY To RESTORE FRENCH RIGHTS IN MANITDBA
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wHILE DENYING oURs. IE MANITDBA wAs GUILTY or DOING AWAY
WITH FRENCH LANGUAGE RIGHTs. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WAS
EDUALLY GUILTY OF DOING ANAY WITH oUR LAND RIGHTs. As
A REsULT, THE METIs ARE A LANDLEss, HOMELESS PEOPLE.
WHY IsN’T MR. MULRDNEY OR PRIME MINIsTER TRUDEAU coNcERNED
ABOUT THAT? 0NcE AGAIN THE METIs ARE LOST IN THE SHUFFLE
OF RIGHTs BETWEEN ENGLISH AND FRENCH-BREAKING CANADIANs.
WHILE MR. MULRoNEY’s STATEMENT IS A STEP IN THE RIGHT
DIRECTION, REcoGNIzING THAT THE GHosT or RIEL REFLECTS
A DEBT To BE PAID. THAT DEBT Is To THE METIs AND SHOULD
BE PAID BY SUPPORT FOR THE REsToRATIoN OF OUR RIGHTs IN
THE CANADIAN CoNsTITUTIoN. ON NOVEMBER 16TH. THE 98TH
ANNIVERSARY OF RIEL’s HANGING, THE METIs NATIONAL COUNCIL
IS MEETING IN WINNIREG. THIs wouLD BE A PERFECT OPPORTUNITY
FOR BOTH MR. MULRDNEY AND THE PRIME MINIsTER To COOPERATIVELY
ADDREss METIs coNsTITUTIoNAL RIGHTs AND THE REALITY OF
RIEL.
-30-
NOTE: THERE HILL BE A PRESS CONFERENCE TODAY, NOVEMBER
2. 1983 AT THE GDVERNHENT CONFERENCE CENTRE.
AT 1:00 R.H.. FOR MORE INFORMATION: 992-1729.
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DOCUMENT: 800-17/041
REVISED 4 RfivIsB’
FIRST MINISTERS‘ CONFERENCE
.- ON
ABORIGINAL CONSTITUTIONAL MATTERS
CONFERENCE DES PREMIERS MINISTRES .
sun LES QUESTIONS CONSTITUTIONNBLLES
INIERBSBANT LBS AUTOCHTONBB
1983 CONSTITUTIONAL ACCORD
on ABORIGINAL RIGHTS _
AEE6RD CONSTITUTIONNEL DE°1983
SUR LES DROITS DES AUTOCHTONES
F§D§RAL
FEDERAL.
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5 “‘ ‘~–‘1-3
MAR 29, 1933
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Ottawa r Ottawa
March I5_16′ 1983 3; et 16 mars 1983
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1983 CONSTITUTIONAL ACCORD on
ABORIGINAL nxcn-rs
Whereas pursuant to section 37 of the Constitution
§gg4_;g§g, a constitutional conference composed of
the Prime Minister of Canada and the first ministers
of the provinces was held on March 15 and 16. 1983,
to which representatives of the aboriginal peoples of_
Canada and elected representatives of the governments
‘ of the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories
were invited;
And whereas it was agreed at that conference that certa
amendments to the Constitution Act, 1982 would be
sought in accordance with section 38 of that Act-
. N _ ,
‘and whereas that conference had included in its
agenda the
peooles of
following matters that directly affect the abori:
Canada:
AGENDA ‘
1- Charter of Rights of the Aboriginal Peoples
(Expanded Part II) Including:
Preamble .
Removal of “Existing”, and Expansion of
section 35-to Include Recognition of Modern
Treaties. Treaties signed Outside Canada and
Before Confederation» and Specific Mention of
“Aboriginal Title” Including the Rights of
Aboriginal Peoples of Canada to a Land and
Water Base (including Land base for the Metis)
Statement«o£ the Particular~Rights of
Aboriginal Peoples . ‘
Statement of Principles
,Equality
Enforcement
Interpretation
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IIII I III. LIIIUII
I II ‘I
II.
III I II. IIIIIII.
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2. Amending Formula Revisions} Including:
— Amendments on Ahoriginal hatters not to be «
Subject to Provincial opting out (section 42)
~- Consent Clause ‘
Z.
3. Self~Government
4.. Repeal of Section 42(l)(e) and (f)
5o Amendments to Part IIl, Including:
;4? Equalization
)
‘ §- Cost-Sharing ‘ )
~- Service Delivery )
Resourcing of
Aboriginal Governments
6. Ongoing Process, Including Further First Ministers Conferen
_ and the Entrenchment of Necessary Mechanisms to Implement
Rights – –
And whereas that conference was unable to complete
its full consideration of all the agenda items:
And whereas it was agreed at that conference.that.
future conferences be held at which those agenda items.
and other constitutional matters that directly affect the aborigi
peoples of Canada will be discvssed:
NOW THEREFORE the Government of Canada and the provincial governn
herebv agree as follows:
I III. IIIIIIII IIIIIIE III II… II
1.
3.
A constitutional conference composed of the
Prime Minister of Canada and the first ministers
of the provinces will be convened by the Prime
Minister of Canada within one year after the completiox
the constitutional conference held on March 15 and
l6.:1983.
The conference convened under subsection (11 shall
?have included in its agenda those items that were not
fully considered at the conference held on March l5 and
15, l983,.and the Prime Minister of Canada shall invite
representatives of the aboriginal peoples of Canada to
participate in the discussions on those items.”
The Prime Minister of Canada shall invite elected
‘representatives of the governments of the Yukon
Territory and the Northwest Territories to participate
in the discussions on any item on the agenda of‘ I
the conference convened under subsection (1) that,
in the opinion of the Prime Minister, directly
affects the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territorie
‘The Prime Minister of Canada will lay or cause to
be laid before the Senate and House of Commons,and
the first ministers of the provinces will lay or
cause to be laid before their legislative assemblies}
prior tcabecember 3l,19d3, a resolution in the form
set out in the Schedule to authorize a proclamation to I
issued by the Governor General under the Great Seal
of Canada to amend the.Constitution Act, 1982.
II ‘. IIII IIIIHII IIIIIII IIIIII A
on (1 “‘
5. In preparation for the constitutional conferences
contemplated by this Accord. meetings composed of
ministers of the governments of Canada and the ‘
provinces. together with representatives of the
ab°ri9i0a1.Pe0PieS Of Caflada and elected representatives
the governments of the Yukon Territory and the
Northwest Territories, shall be convenedat least
. annually by the government of Canada.
_Nothinq in this Accord is intended to preclude.
or.substitute for, any bilateral or other discussior
or agreements between governments and the various
aboriginal peoples and, in particular, having regard
_to the authority of Parliament under Class 24 of
section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867, and to.’
‘the special relationship that has existed and
‘continues-to exist between the Parliament and
government of Canada and the peoples referred to in
that Class, this Accord is made without prejudice
to any bilateral process that has been or may be
established between the government of Canada and M
thoseipeoples.
Nothing in this Accord shall be construed so as to
affect the interpretation of the Constitution of
Canada.
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ACCORD CONSTITUTIONNEL DE
1983 sun LES nnoxés pas AUTOCHTONI
Attoudu :
.qG’0nG C0flférenCe constitutionnelle réunissant 1;
premier ministre du Canada et les premieré ministres
Pr0YinCiauX. 5’laque11e.avaient été invités les
regrésentants des peuples autochtcnes du Canada et
des rGPrésentants élus du territoire du Yukon
_ et des
territoires du Nord-0uest,a eu lieg les 15 at 16 mars
1933 an application de l’article 37 de la Loi
constitutionnelle de 1982:
qu’il a été convenu, 3 cette conféience, que la Loi
constitutionnelle de 1983 ferait 1’objet d’une
procédure de modification dans les conditions piévues 5.
son article 38{
que 1és_guestiona soivantes qui intéressent directement
les peuples antoohtones du Canada avaient été placées
5 l’ordre du jour de cette conférence:
“o3nas nu aoua
CHARTS-DES oaoxrs DES PEOPLES AUTOCHTONBS tsxpausxon on LA
PARTIE I: as LA.LDI CDNSTITUTIONNELLE as 1982). 2 comaaxs:
La pnéauauns
LA supnsssxou on menus “BXISTANTS” ET L‘INCLUSION A
L’ARTICLE 35 DE LA RECONNAISSANCE ass waaxras
coursmpoaaxus, ass TRAITES szcnés an nsaoas nu CANADA Br
AVANT LA cousenaaawzon, AINSI one LA nsnrzou paéczss DE
“rzraa AUTOCHTONE” 2 COMPRIS LB DROIT DES PEUPLES
AUTOCHTONBS nu-CANADA A UN rsnnzwozna aw 02$ EAUX on
RESERVE (2 COMPRIS um TERRITOIRE POUR LES METIS)
L’ENOMCE DES nnolrs PARTICULIERS DES PBUPLES AUTOCHTONES
L’ENONCE oas PaxNcIpgs~ ‘ ‘
L‘EGAL1TE
L’APPLICATION
:’INmERPnE:AwIoN
I L I AL: ‘ in Lulu“ ‘lLu» :4
2.
3.
4.
5.
MODIFICATION DE LA FORMULE DuAMENDEm_:N.r Y COMPRI
‘ . 0 8:
‘.~ LA SOUSTRACTION AU DROIT as asrnggr
es 033 AUTOCHTONES
– LA nrsposxrzon as couseursnaur‘ °
couvtnnensnr Aurocarouz Auwououg
ABROGATION nss ALINEAS 42(1)e) er £)
MODIFICATION DE LA PARTIB III, 2 compazs.
~ LA pénfiouarron ) ggssoun C,
_ LE PARTAGE D33 FRAIS ) AUT0CHTg§§so£s ADMINISLRATIONS
~ LA PRESTATION DE SERVICES )
nrsposzrxous as suzvx. Y coupars D’AUTRES consénaucas has
Apaenxens nxuxsrass er L’INSCRIPTION DES mécanrsuss
.N§cgssA1aas A L‘BXECUTION ass naozws
qu’il n’a fias été possible a cette conférence
d‘étudier pleinement toutes ces questions;
qu’il a été convenu,a 1a.méme conférence,d’examiner
ces qfiestions at d’autres questions constitutionnelies
qui intéressent directament les fieuples autochtones_
du Canada -5 des conférences ultérieures,
le gouvernement du Canada et les gouvarnements provinciaux_
sont convenus de ce qui suit :
!. Dans 1’année suivant la con£érence.qni a
eu lieu les 1$’et 16 mars i983, 1e I
premier mintstre do Canada convoquera
‘une conférence constitutionnslle réunissant
les premders ministtes provinciaux et
lui-méme.
2’,’ Soront placécs 5 l’ordre. du jour de la .
ccmf5.r:cinc:e convoquée en Vertll (111 Paragraph‘? (1) 3-es
questions.qni n’ont pas été étudiées pleinement
lors de la conférence des 15 et 16 mars 1983- Le
ptemier ministre du Canada invitera les répaésentants
des peugles autochtcnes du Canada a partiCiPer aux
LL
1 In 1 All J1: HHLMJ up.
i JL MIL u. 3
3.
Le premier ninistre du Canada invitera des
représentantsdélus des gouvernenents du
tetritoire du Yukon et des territoires
do Nord-Ouest 3 participer aux travaux
relatifs 5 toute question placée a l’ordre
du jour de la qonffirence convoquée en vertu du
paraqraphe (1) et qui. selon lui. intaraaqe
directement le territoife du Yukon et les
territoires du Nord~Ouest.
Le premier ministre du Canada et les premiers
ninistres provinciaux déposeront on feront ‘
deposef avant 1e 193 décembre 1983, devant
lo sénat et la Chambre des oommunes et devant
vies assemb1ees_1égis1atives respectivement, une
résolution; établie en la forme de celle qui figure
5 l“annene;auto;isant le gouverneur général
5 prendre sous ;e grand sceau du Canada une.
qoroclamatdon portant modification de la goi
‘consfiitutIonnelle’deC1§82.
5. En vue de la preparation des conférences consti~
tutionneiles prévues par le présent accord, des
réunions}. convoquées au moins une fois par an ‘par le ‘
gouwaamment dufkmama.senxu:temxfiiregmmmentéks.afinhmzes
fédéraux et.proMinciaux, ainsi que les representants
des peuples ‘autochtcnes du Canada et des representants
élus des gouvernemsnts du territoire,du Yukon et des
te:fiHxfixes<m1Nbn&{mest. L 1|.» 1 L . n.. E J‘. nnW1Lmfl_ .nema 0% oHHmsomwusuwum:ou-woH ma ow ao«uwuwHmHou:w.H M HomoHmc.ow ummmo noon mom o.: uuodom wswmwwm on .5 .mmamomm mm0.uo mwmsuu Jw.uqmaw:Mm¢wmM.oH mnumw .oHuw.H mo mmnawummomdm so..mmw:oE moaohwu IWHHQ nmowuum Nam musflmuum Hmuuom ow uwmmm room. men n .s wnooom .usom.m.um do .:o.mms.aU.s.o..u on .m._..Homwwmu . .. muuoo nfimw wWnnOw#¢mfl“m0HmdWA_mmHafi&mWWWmWU\fiw U u:mam:Hmafiom.ww Wm u:mEoHumm.0H 0Hu:o.Mmuwwmw M uamaamu Inou um wumaxm use wow mouwwnuowuumm msowumamu Nam um hmma mo oaaossowusuwumnoo won ma on Hm oaowuum.H we vN.0HHOmW#NU ma mo ouno> so usmamaumm so msHo>w©
mosmummeoo on m oummw so .usmaoumw~oomuuom moan
.mmsounoounm mmamsom muwawo moa um mu:oEm:um>=om
H 0Hu:m.m0u:0uno.w nowmsnocoo on do smmuuflm
so mmaouwumawn .msofimmaomwm mom uoomumamn mm :0
Hwsoawnm mo umumo HDOQ mom 5.: vmooom ucmmwum 0: .w
teenage +:e ::
,1 1
ll: 4.“
1 L ‘I H11 .1 In L,..m;.u|11,
I. . in milk hLl|1L M
Signed at Ottawa this 16th day
Q
”Fait_§ Ottawa la 16 mars ISE
015 Maréha 1983 by the Government ‘par le gouvernement du Canaé
of Canada and the provincial
governments:
Québec
X
6’
Nova Scotia
Nouvelle-ficosse
\
Q
New Brunswick
– Nouveau-Brunswick
AND WITH THE PARTICIPATION 0?:
et les gouvernements proninc
I
British Columbia
Colombie-Britannique
1 U
Newfoundland .
Terra-Neuve
ET AVEC LA PARTICIPATION DE:
0
(
Assembly of First
Nations
Assemblée des-
Premieres Nations
ative Coun 1
Canada
Conseil des
Autochtones du
Canada
Of
Inuit Committee on
National Issues Ralliement natior
comite inuit sur les ‘ des Métis
Affaires nationales
fl/Mm.’ 7524;.
Yukon Territory Noruhfiest Territc
Territoire du Territoires du’
Yukon Nord~0uest
H“
Mu i in am]: vulI|lL
1 I1 .1
ttliuuhuml ‘“lll‘ A‘
SCHEDULE
Motion for 8 Resolution to authorire His
Excellency the Governor General to issue
It proclamation respecting amcndmcms to
the Constitution of Canada
Whereas the C onstltulion Act. I982 pro-
vides that an amendment to the Constitution
of Canada may be made by proclamation
issued by the Governor General under the
Great Seal of Canada where so authorized
by resolutions of the Senate and House of
Commons and resolutions of the legislative
assemblies as provided for in sections 38 and
4! thereof;
And Whereas the Constitution of Canada.
reflecting the country and Canadian society.
continues to develop and strengthen the
rights and freedoms that it guarantees: .
And Whereas. after a gradual transition of
Canada from colonial status to the status of
an independent and sovereign state, Canadi-
ans have. as of April l7. 1982. full authority
_ to amend their Constitution in Canada;
‘And Whereas historically and equitablv it ‘
– is fitting that the early ‘exercise
of that full
authority should relate to the rights and
freedoms of the first inhabitants of Canada.
the aboriginal peoples:
new Therefore the [C-enat_e7 ‘
£1-louse o_§_ Conunon_s7_ ‘Q.-e‘g.i.s1a._:l:i.1r_e__
asseanblyj resolves that His
1 Excellency the Governor General
‘ be‘ authorized to ‘issue a
. proclamation under the Great – ~.:
seal of Canada -amending the
Constitution of Canada as
follows :_ _
f
– ., Ptioct.AMA.’rtoN AMENDING ‘rue
. CONSTITUTION OF CANADA .
1. Paragraph 225(1)). of the
Constitution Act, 1982 is.
repealed and the following
substituted therefor:
“(bl any rights or
freedoms that exist by
way of land agreerrents
or may be so acquired”.
2. Section 35 Of the
Constitution Act; 3932 5-9
amended by adding thereto the
following subsections:
M3) For greater certainty,
‘in subsection (1) ‘”treN’—Y
r:l.ght9″_ includes rights that ‘
now exist by way of land claims
agreements or may be 50
acquired .
Annexe
Motion de résolutiori autorisant Son Excel.
lcflcc 16 gouverneur général it prendre une
proclztmation portant modification cl: 3;
Constitution du Canada
Considérant :
que la -loi consrfturiannelle de 1982 pg-E.
volt que la Constitution du Canada peut
etre modifiée par proclamation du gouvc;-..
neur général sous le grand sceau du
Canada. autorisée par des resolutions :1“
Sénat ct de la Chambre des communes et
par des résolutions d_es asscmblécs législa-‘
tives dans les conditions prévues aux arti-
cles 38 ct 4l;
que la Constitution du Canada. 5 |’image
do pays et de la soeiété canadienne. est en
perpétuel devenir dans l’al’i’ermissernent ”
des droits et libertés qu‘elle garantit:
‘ que les Canadiens. aprés la longue évolu; ‘-
tion de leur pays de simple colonic 5 état
indépendant et souverain, ont, depuis le l7
avril I982. tout pouvoir pour modifier leur
Constitution au Canada;
qua rhistoire et Péquité dexnandent
que l’tr.e des premieres mnifestations
deoepouvoirportesurlesdtoitset
libertes des peuples autochtcnes
du Canada, peerniers habitent: do pays,’-
Lle séna_t_/ 4 la Chambre des
commune_§7 LI”assemblée législativg
a résolu d‘ autoriser.
Son Excellence le gouverneur –
général 5 prendre, sous le grand
_sceau du Canada, une proclamation
modifiant la Constitution ‘do Canaé
comme 5.1 suit: I ‘ -”
PROCLAMATION MODIFIANT LA
CONSTITUTION DU CANADA
1. znaisnéa 2s_1_:_) do ia ;._9_5,_
‘constitutionnslle do 1982 est
‘ abrogé eti remplacé par ce qui
suit: ‘ . – –
¢_1_>_) aux droits ou libertés
existants issus d’accords de
revendications territoriales ou
ceux susceptibles d’$.ti:e.a:i.nsi
– acquis’L’5>
2. L’article 35 de la _I_._o_§._
constitutionnslle de 1982 est
modifié par adjonction de ce qu
suit:
43(3). 11 est entendu que sont
compris parmi les droits
issus de traités, dont il
est fait re.-aetonau paras?!‘
PM (1), 1c: droits existants
issus c1’accords de revendi.–_
cations tcrritoriaies on
.ceu5c snsceptibles dӎtre
ainsi acquis.
, ,;_ ‘==__ :12; .4 :2 _ 4 _
ii ‘1 HM i ll‘ unllh iiuii: iiltw -.1.
‘Aboriginal
and treaty
.rights are
guaranteed
equally to
– both sexes
Commitment to
constitutions
conference
-3-
(4) Indépendamment do ,.
touts autre disposition do ‘
~ Ia présentc 105., les ‘
droits – ancestraux on
issus de traités – visés
an paragraphe (1) sang
garantis également aux
personnes des deuaé sexes
(4.!) Notwithstanding any other
Prozésion of this Act, the
aboriginal and treaty rights
referred to in subsection (1)
areékarmunedtrwarurtoxmde
and1%mdk:pmnmnsJ’
‘ 3. The said Act is further amended by 3- ‘:3 ’T’e‘“° 1°‘ C5‘ “‘°dmé° Par insertion.
adding thereto, immediately after section 35 “”35 ‘3″”°i° 35- dc *7‘ ‘ll’; 5″“ 1
thereof, the following section: . ~
“35,1 Thg ggycmmcm of Canada and -35.1 Les gouvcrncmenls fédérnl ct pro-
1 the provincial governments are committed “i‘:‘°i“}“” 50’“ “(=3 P3’ r°”838¢m¢M dc
; to the principle that, before any amend- i”‘”‘°‘P° 531°“ ii-“luci 19 Pfemi-‘2! ministre
mm is made to Class 24 of section 9! of d” C‘”’_”~d3~ “’3”! ‘W10 modification dc la
{fig Cam-mmian A“ 53.57. to section 25 cstégorze 24 de l’article 9! de la Loi cons-
of this Agt 0; to this part, tiruriatmelie de 1867. de l’article 25 dc la
(0) a constitutional confetence that presentc lo: ou de la préscntc partic:
Constitutional
conferences
_ includes in its agenda an item relating to
the proposed amendment. composed of
the Prime Minister of Canada and the
first ministers of the provinces, will be
convened by the Prime Minister of
Canada; and
(b) the Prime Minister of Canada will
invite representatives of the aboriginal
peoples of Canada to participate in the
discussions on that item.”
4 . The said Act is further amended by;
adding thereto, immediately after section 37
thereof. the following Part:
– – “l‘AR1lVl-i
(‘(lN!~i’l’l’i’llT l()NAl. ( ()NFi€RiiN(‘i’.S
37.311) In addition to the
couture.-race com».-no-d in March 1983,
at least two constitu-
tional conferences composed of the
Prime Minister of Canada and the
first ministers of the provinces
Participation of
aboriginal
peoples
‘articipation of
crritories
Non-
derogation
shall be convened by the Prime
Minister of Canada. the first
within three years after
April )7. 1982 and the second
within five years after that
date .
. tr) oonvoquera_ une conference constitu-
tsonnellc réumssant les premiers minis-
tres provinciaux ct lui-meme ct compor- .
tant 1 son ordre du jour la question du
projet dc modification: . ’ –
b) invitera les representants da peuples
autochtcnes du Canada it participer aux
travaux relatifs 5 cette question}
4. La meme loi est modifies par insertion,
nprés l’article 37, de ce qui suit :
¢PARTiE W.l
(‘ONFERENC‘lES C‘ONSTlTU1’lONNEl.l.l-IS
37.1(1) En sus de la conférence
convoquée en mars 1983, le premier
ministre du Canada convoque au.
moins deux conférences constitu-
tionnelles réunissant: les premiers
ministres provinciaux et lui-nféme.
its premiere dans les trois ans
et. la seconds dans les cinq ans
suivant 1e 17‘ avril‘ 1982 .
_ . (2) Sent placécs 5 l’ordre du jour dc cha- an
(2) 35365 C0ni¢’°”°”-‘ °°’“””°9 ‘i“d” sub‘ cune des conferences wsées an paragraphc M,
acctioftyl 55,3“ 333″ i’’°’‘-‘d°d “‘ ‘“ “‘“’”d‘’ (If less questions constitutionncllcs qui inn’:-
°°n-‘ tut‘-033-1 matters ‘ l I 3-assent directement les peuples nulochloncs
that directly affect the nbnrigina menus on emier
Canada, and the Prim: 11 Ca‘_str1adae..&1 invite
Minister of Canadfiisez of muleursu représentants 5
invite represents vti 1 _ciper aux travaux
those peoples t0 P375 c ” Peru. .. Stions__
pate in the discussions on relatifs a ces que ‘ . .
those matters . (3) Le premier ministre du Canada some 3:
(3) The Prime Minislcr of Canada shall
onvnc clccted representatives 65 li!¢ 8°V¢f0‘
moms of the Yukon ‘lc;ritory and the hiorlht
M-_.,; 1¢m;o;i¢; xo participate in the discus-
sions on any item on the 385″“? °f 3
conicrcnce convened under subsection (ll
that in the opinion of the Prime Minister.
directly affects me)/:‘x&nu Tcmtorv and “W
Northwest TCl’I’I!0fl€.\o ‘
(4) Nothing in this section
shall be construed so as to
derogate from subsection
des rcpréscntunts éius des gouvcrm‘-mcms £3″
territoirc du Yukon ct des lcrriioifl‘-‘i I50
Nord-Ouc-st ii participer aux travaux relatifs
i toutc question plucéc 2’: l’ordre du jour des
conferences visécs nu p¢Ir=\8fi!Ph° 0) ‘i, Q!”-
selon iui intéressc directement lc lcrmolrc
dn Yukon et les territoires du Nord-Oucsh
4, Le pxésent article n’a Non‘-
C
pas pour effet de déroger derog
au.paragraphe 35(1).)7
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