February 1983

SECTIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 RELATING TO THE

A’B””o””R”I”G’ ‘1″ “N”A”‘L’ ” “‘p””E”””””‘op‘L”E'”‘s”‘“ o” F EANIIBA

In addition to mentioning those rights and freedoms that apply
equally to all Canadians, the Constitution Act, 1982 contains
specific mention of the rights of the aboriginal peoples of

Canada.

The Canadian Charter of Rights and‘Freedoms (Part I of the
Constitution Act, 1982), Section 25 states:

25. The guarantee in this Charter of certain
rights and freedoms shall not be construed
so as to abrogate or derogate from any
aboriginal, treaty or other rights or
freedoms that pertain to the aboriginal
peoples of Canada including

(a)

(b)

any rights or freedoms that have been
recognized by the Royal Proclamation of
October 7, 1763; and

any rights or freedoms that may be
acquired by the aboriginal peoples of
Canada by way of land claims
settlement.

Section 35 of Part II of the Act makes specific reference to
rights of aboriginal peoples of Canada and defines who they

are:

35. (1)

(2)

The existing aboriginal and treaty
rights of the aboriginal peoples of
Canada are hereby recognized and
affirmed.

In this Act, “aboriginal peoples of
Canada” includes the Indian, Inuit and
Métis peoples of Canada. »

Participation by aboriginal peoples at a Constitutional
Conference of First Ministers is specified in Section 37(2):

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37.

(1) A constitutional conference composed of

(2)

(3)

the Prime Minister of Canada and the
first ministers of the provinces shall
be convened by the Prime Minister of
Canada within one year after this Part
comes into force.

The conference convened under subsection
(1) shall have included in its agenda an
item respecting constitutional matters
that directly affect the aboriginal
peoples of Canada, including the
identification and definition of the
rights of those peoples to be included
in the Constitution of Canada, and the
Prime Minister of Canada shall invite
representatives of those peoples to
participate in the discussions on that

item.

The Prime Minister of Canada shall
invite elected representatives of the
governments of the Yukon Territory and
the Northwest Territories to participate
in the discussions on any item on the
agenda of the conference convened under
subsection (1) that, in the opinion of
the Prime Minister, directly affects the
Yukon Territory and the Northwest
Territories.

Subsection 52(1) is also of relevance:

52.

(1) The Constitution of Canada is the

supreme law of Canada, and any law that
is inconsistent with the provisions of
the Constitution is, to the extent of
the inconsistency, of no force or
effect.

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‘2.

3.
4.
5.

6.

Amending formula revisions, including:

– Amendments on aboriginal matters not to
be subject to provincial opting out

(section 42)
– Consent clause

Self-government
Repeal of section 42(l)(e) and (f)

Amendments to Part III, including:

— Equalization ) Resourcing of
– Cost-sharing ) aboriginal
— Service delivery). governments

Ongoing process, including further meetings
of first ministers, and the entrenchment of
necessary mechanisms to implement rights.

Aboriginal and treaty rights are protected by section 35 of the

Constitution Act,

1982. Identification and clarification of

these rights is a very complex task and will likely require
continuing discussions, which the First Ministers Conference

will formally put in place.

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February 1983

RIGHTS OF INDIAN WOMEN

Since 1869, various sections of the Indian Act have
discriminated against Indian women on the basis of sex and
marital status. The elimination of these discriminatory
sections has taken on new urgency with the proclamation of the
Constitution Act, 1982. Section 15 (1) of the Charter of
Rights and Freedoms guarantees equality “before and under the
law” and the “equal protection and equal benefit of the law”
without discrimination based on sex. This section comes into
force in 1985, three years after the enactment of the Charter.
Once Section 15 (1) has come into force, there is a possibility
that provisions of the Indian Act that discriminate on the
basis of sex will be found inoperative.

Sub-committee on Indian women and the Indian Act

On August 4, 1982, Indian Affairs and Northern Development
Minister John Munro announced that the question of how to amend
the Indian Act to end discrimination based on sex had been
referred to.a sub-committee on Indian women and the Indian Act,
following al1—party agreement in the House of Commons. For the
first time in parliamentary history, the sub~committee included
three ex-officio members, representing the Assembly of First
Nations, the Native Council of Canada, and the Native Women’s

Association of Canada.

The sub-committee reported on September 22, 1982 after public
hearings that’received testimony from 27 groups and
associations. The report recommended that the government
eliminate the sex discrimination caused by Section 12 (l)(b) of
the Indian Act, under which Indian women who marry non~Indians
lose their status and band membership. The committee
recommended that in the future no Indian lose status because of
marriage, that non-Indian spouses not gain status upon marriage
to an Indian and that non-Indian spouses have rights to reside
on reserves as determined by band bylaws. Furthermore, it
recommended a program of reinstatement so these Indian women
and their first-generation children would regain their lost

status and band membership.

The sub-committee also recommended that other provisions in the
Indian Act that discriminate against women, such as the

automatic transferal of an Indian woman to the band of her
husband, should be eliminated. In addition, the sub-committee

recommended that Parliament appropriate sufficient funds to

18.3.3

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provide services and programs currently available to status
Indians, and other resources as needed, to those persons who

are reinstated.

The federal government is at present studying the sub-
committee’s report and has circulated it to all Indian bands to

give them an opportunity to comment on its contents.

How the Indian Act affects women

Indians in Canada are recognized as having special rights and a
special relationship with the federal government. Criteria for
determining who is an Indian, and therefore who is entitled to
the special rights, are set out in the Indian Act. The act
defines Indians in terms of who has the right to use and
benefit from reserve lands and Indian monies.

All band members are Indians, and virtually all status Indians
are also band members. only those Indians who are members of a
particular band have the right to reside on reserve land set
aside for that band; have the right to share in the capital
assets held for or by the band; have a voice in the decision—
making process affecting band assets and a vote in the
political institutions of the band. Therefore the criteria for
membership in the band, set out in the Indian Act, have a
profound effect on the lives of Indian people.

Five clauses of the Indian Act are considered discriminatory
against Indian women. The effects of the principal provisions

are as follows:

Section 11 (l) f: the gaining of Indian status by non-
Indian women upon marriage to Indian men;

Section 12 (l)(a)(iv): the loss of status at age 21 by
persons whose mothers and paternal grandmothers were not
status Indians by birth;

Section (l2)(l)(b); the loss of status by Indian women
upon marriage to non-Indian men:

Section l09 (1) and (3): the loss of status by wives and
minor children upon the “enfranchisement” (voluntary
relinquishing of status) of an Indian male head of
household; and

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.her status before her marriage. Similarly,

the loss of membership in her band
(Indian or non-Indian)

who is not a member of her own band.

Sections 10 and 14:
‘when an Indian woman marries a man

These clauses discriminate on the basis of sex and marital
status since they are based on a system that is both

patrilineal and patrilocal. It is patrilineal in that a
woman’s status is dependent on the status of her father and/or

husband.‘ If a woman marries an Indian, she is also an Indian;
if she marries a non~Indian, she is a non—Indian, regardless of
children have the
same status as their father; if he is an Indian, the children
are Indians; if he is non—Indian, they are not Indians. There

are three exceptions:

. illegitimate children of Indian women have status,
unless the band protests and can prove that the child’s

father was a non-Indian;

the second exception is known as the “double-mother
clause” (Section 12 (l)(a)(iv)) under which children,
when they reach 21 years, are no longer entitled to be
registered as Indians if their mothers and paternal
grandmothers had been non-Indians before they were
married. This section was introduced in 1951, in
response to demands for some kind of “quarter-blood”
rule, although the section is not based on a true

quarter-blood concept; and

illegitimate children of Indian men and non—Indian women
are not entitled to be registered;

The system is patrilocal inasmuch as residence and band
membership are based on the husband’s residence and membership.
Thus a non-Indian woman who marries an Indian becomes an Indian
and therefore a band member, with the right to reside and
participate in the affairs of that band. An Indian woman who
marries an Indian of another band loses her membership in her
band and becomes a member of her husband’s band. An Indian
woman who marries a non-Indian loses her Indian status and the

rights that come with membership in her band.

Provisions have been invoked to allow bands to request
exemption from discriminatory clauses of the Indian Act. As of
February 1983, 72 bands have submitted requests for exemptions
from Section 12 (l)(b), orders-in-council have been prepared
for 65 and proclamations issued for 64. As well, 291 bands

(“an-_:r1″£’:’

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have asked to be exempted from the double-mother clause, and to

date 284 orders-in-council have been prepared and
283 proclamations issued.

Historical background

The early legislation affecting Indians did not distinguish
between male and female persons. It was not until the Indian
Act of 1869 that the forerunners of the present sections 11 and
12 (l)(b) were incorporated in the legislation.

Subsequent revisions of the act became more restrictive.
Although the criteria for membership may have been in keeping
with the mores of the time in which they were established, they
have proved to be unacceptable in a time which supports equal
rights and treatment for everyone regardless of sex or marital

status.

As a result, the legislation has been challenged in the courts
and in an international forum. In 1970, Jeannette Lavell, an
Ojibwa Indian woman who had married a non~Indian, appealed the
decision to delete her name from the Indian membership register
on the basis that it contravened the Canadian Bill of Rights.
In 1973 after several lower court decisions, the Supreme Court
of Canada found that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the
operation of the Indian Act. As such, section 12 (l)(b) was

found to be legally valid.

In 1977 Sandra Lovelace, an Indian woman who had lost her
status when she married a non-Indian, submitted a communication
to the United Nations alleging that Canada had violated the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by the
operation of section 12 (l)(b) of the Indian Act.

The United Nations Human Rights Committee did not consider

Lovelace’s allegations about section 12 (l)(b) since she had
married before Canada had ratified the covenant. In July 1981,
however, the committee did look at the continuing effects of
her marriage and found Canada in breach of Article 27 (Rights
of Minorities) of the covenant because Ms. Lovelace is not ‘
allowed to be recognized as a member of her band and to enjoy

her culture in the community of that band.

In a more recent case before the United Nations committee,
Paula Sappier Sissons bases her communication on the same
statement of fact as Lovelace’s communication, except that

Ms. Sissons married in 1979 after Canada had ratified the
covenant. The Human Rights Committee, therefore, will be in a

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position to rule on whether or not section 12 (l)(b) violates
Canada’s international undertaking not to discriminate on the

basis of sex.

In July 1980, Canadian women parliamentarians of all parties
joined together for the first time to present a declaration to
urge the government “to finalize immediately the negotiations
with all Indian organizations and with the Indian bands .
throughout Canada to amend the Indian Act to grant Indian women
and their children their full status and rights in Canada.”

Notwithstanding section 15 of the Charter of Rights and
Freedoms, the Inuit Committee on National Issues and the Native

Council of Canada are of the view that there is a need for

explicit constitutional recognition that aboriginal rights
apply equally to aboriginal men and women.

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February 1983

ABORIGINAL ORGANIZATIONS IN CANADA

There are many national, provincial and territorial
associations that represent aboriginal people and their
interests (see Appendix A). The development of these
associations in the last 10 years has given aboriginal peoples
greater access to all levels of the Canadian political
structure. The associations receive regular funding from the
federal government for basic administration, land claims
research and negotiation, Indian Act research and for the
operation of some programs. They also receive special funding
for activities relating to the constitutional process.
Frequently they act as advocates to all levels of government on
behalf of individual bands. Three national organizations have
been invited by the Prime Minister to take part in the First
Ministers Conference on the Constitution:

i) Assembly of First Nations

The major status Indian association is the Assembly
of First Nations. It operates at the national level
to represent Indian bands in Canada. The AFN was
formally established at a meeting of Indian chiefs
at Penticton, British Columbia in April 1982 to
replace the previous status Indian organization, the
National Indian Brotherhood.

ii) The Inuit Committee on National Issues

This organization was created at a general meeting
of the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada held in 1979, to
focus on the constitutional development of the
Inuit. The Inuit Tapirisat represents Canada’s
Inuit through its seven regional member
associations.

Native Council of Canada

Ho
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The Native Council of Canada was established in 1970
to provide a national voice for Métis and non-status
Indians in Canada. Each member association
determines its own membership criteria. The general
aim of the council is to promote the full
participation.of Métis and non-status Indians in
Canadian life.

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APPENDIX A

ABORIGINAL ORGANIZATIONS IN CANADA

Indian associations (national/provincial/territorial)
Native associations (national/provincial/territorial)
Inuit associations (national/provincial/territorial)

Native women’s associations (national/provincial/
territorial) .

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Assembly of First Nations

222 Queen Street
Suite 500
Ottawa, Ontario
KlP SV9

INDIAN ASSOCIATIONS

NATIONAL

President
telex
Telephone

PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL

Alberta

Indian Association of Alberta
203-11710 Kingsway Avenue

Edmonton, Alberta
T5G OX5

British Columbia

Union of British Columbia

Indian Chiefs

440 West Hastings Street

President
Telex
Telephone

President
Telex
Telephone

Vancouver, British Columbia

V6B lLl
Manitoba

Four Nations Confedera
274 Garry Street
Winnipeg, Manitoba

R3C 1H3

Manitoba Keewatinowi
Okimakanak

145-74 Caribou Road
Thompson, Manitoba
R8N 0L3

New Brunswick

Union of New Brunswick

Indians
35 Dedam Street

cy A/Co-ordinator
Telex
Telephone

Contacts

Chairman
Telex
Telephone

Fredericton, New Brunswick

E3A 2V2
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-;_5,;,_-,. , ‘.j

Dave Ahenakew
053-3202
(613) 236-0673

Charles Wood
O37-3735. _
(403) 452-7221

Robert Manuel
045-4220
(604) 684-0231

Larry Starr
07-55238
(204) 944-8245

Chief Joe G. Wood
(204) 462-2106

Chief Robert Wavey
(204) 652-2219 ,
Chief Maggie Balfour
(204) 359-6616

Chief Charles Constant
(204) 623-5483

Graydon Nicholas
014-46185
(506) 472-6281

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Northwest Territories

Dene Nation

P.O. Box 2338
Yellowknife, N.W.T.
XOE 1H0

Nova Scotia

Union of Nova Scotia
Indians

P.O. Box 961
Shubenacadie

BlP 6J4

Ontario

Association of Iroquois
and Allied Indians

920 Commissioners Road E.
London, Ontario

NSZ 3J1

Chiefs of Ontario
l4ll-2 Carlton Street
Toronto, Ontario

MSB 1J3

Grand Council Treaty
No. 3

P.O. Box 1720
Kenora, Ontario

P9N 3X7

Nishnawbe-Aski Nation
71-3rd Avenue
Timmins, Ontario

P4N 1C2

Union of Ontario Indians
2nd Floor

27 Queen Street East
Toronto, Ontario

MSC 1R2

Prince Edward Island

Abegweit Band
P.O. Box 220
Cornwall, P.E.I.
COA 1H0

President
Telex
Telephone

President
Telex _
Telephone

President
Telex
Telephone

Exec. Director

Telex
Telephone

Grand Chief

Telex‘
Telephone

President
Telex
Telephone

President
Telex
Telephone

President
Telex
Telephone

Georges Erasmus
034-45556
(403) 873-4081

Noel Doucette

019-35274

(902) 539-4107
4230

Gordon Peters
064-7101
(519) 681-3551

Ava Sutherland
06-23877
(416) 596-0618

John Kelly
075-92513

(807) 548-4214

4215

Wally McKay
067-81595
(705) 267-7911

Joe Miskokamon
06-22710
(416) 366-3527

Chief James Sark

CNCP lll
(902)_675-3842

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Lennox Island Band
Lennox Island, P.E.I.
COB 1P0

Quebec

La Confederation des Indiens
du Québec

Confederation of Indians of
Quebec

P.O. Box 810

Kahnawake, Quebec

JOL 1B0

Conseil Attikamek-Montagnais
Boulevard Bastien

Village des Hurons

Lorette, Quebec

GOA 4V0

Le Grand Conseil des Cris
Grand Council of the Crees
1500 Sullivan Road

Val d’Or, Quebec

J9P 1M1

Saskatchewan

Federation of Saskatchewan
Indian Nations

1100 – 1st Avenue E.’
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S6V 2A7

Yukon

Council for Yukon Indians
22 Nisutlin Drive
Whitehorse, Yukon

YlA 2S5-

also.

151 Slater Street

Ottawa, Ontario

KlP SH3

‘President

Telex
Telephone

President
Telex
Telephone

President

Telephone

Grand Chief

Telephone

President
Telex
Telephone

President
Telex
Telephone

Office Mgr.

Telephone

Chief Jack Sark

CNCP 111

(902) 831-2779
882-2002

Joe Stacey
05-24574
(514) 632-7321

René Simon

(418) 842-0277

‘Billy Diamond

(819) 825-3402

Sol.Sanderson
074-29228
(306) 764-3411
Saskatoon

665-7781
Regina

949-5666
Sinco

665-0911

Harry Allen
036-8346
(403) 667-7631

Melody Morrisson

(613) 236-9844

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Newfoundland

Ktaqmkukewey Mi’Knawey President
Saqmawuti Telex
(Nfld. Indian Government) Telephone

Conne River
Bay d’Espoir, Newfoundland

AOH 1J0
NATIVE ASSOCIATIONS

NATIONAL

Native Council of Canada President

Calvin White
CNCP 111
(709) 882-2303

Louis Bryere

170 Laurier Avenue West Telex 053-3301

5th Floor Telephone (613) 238-3511
Ottawa, Ontario

KIP 5V5

PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL

Alberta

Métis Association of Alberta President Sam Sinclair
12750 – 127 Street _

Edmonton, Alberta Telephone (403) 452-9550
TSL 1A5

British Columbia

United Native Nations President Bob Warren
240-2609 Granville Street

Vancouver, B.C. – Telephone -(604) 732-3726
V6H 3H3

Manitoba

Manitoba Métis Federation President Don McIvor-
Room 100

211 Portage Avenue Telephone (204) 956-2070
Winnipeg, Manitoba

R38 2A2

New Brunswick

New Brunswick Métis and President Gary Gould
Non-Status Indian Telex 014-46139
Association Telephone (506) 455-4370

390 King Street
Fredericton, N.B.
E38 1E3

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Northwest Territories

Métis Association of the
Northwest Territories
P.O. Box l375
Yellowknife, N.W.T.

XOE 1H0

Nova Scotia

Native Council of Nova Scotia
P.O. Box 1320

Truro, Nova Scotia

B2N 5N2

Ontario

Ontario Métis and Non-Status
Indian Association

Suite 30

5385 Yonge Street
Willowdale, Ontario

MZN SR7.

Prince Edward Island

Native Council of Prince
Edward Island

P.O. Box 2170

129 Kent Street
Charlottetown, P.E.I.
ClA 1N4

Quebec

Laurentian Alliance of Métis

‘and Non~Status Indians

2l Brodeur Street
Hull, Quebec
J8Y 2P6

Saskatchewan

Association of Métis and
Non-Status Indians of
Saskatchewan

1170-8th Avenue

Regina, Saskatchewan

S4R 1C9

1″” ‘IA.

President
Telex
Telephone

President
Telex
Telephone

President
Telex
Telephone

President

Telephone

President

Telephone

President

Telephone

Bob Stevenson
034-45595
(403) 873-3505

Viola Robinson
0l9~34503
(902) 895-6579

Duke Redbird
O69-86599
(416) 226-2890

Marcia McLeod

(902) 892~53l4

Fernand Chalifoux

(819) 770-7763

Jim Sinclair

(306) 525-6721

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Yukon
Council for Yukon Indians* Chairman Harry Allen
22 Nisutlin Drive Telex ‘ 036-8346
Whitehorse, Yukon Telephone (403) 667-7631
YlA 3S5
§_£1£3._
151 Slater Street ‘ Office Mgr. Melody Morrisson
Suite 702
Ottawa, Ontario Telephone (613) 246-9844
KlP SH3
* Represents a union of the Yukon Association for
Non—Status Indians and the Yukon Native Brother-
hood. Both associations may be contacted at the
above address and phone number.
Independent
Association des Métis et President Paul Paradis
des Indiens Hors Reserve –
Inc. Telephone (418) 275-0198

2023 Boul. de l’Anse
Roberval, Quebec

G8H 2N1

Native Brotherhood of President ‘

British Columbia —

517 Ford Building ‘ Telephone (604) 685-2255

193 East Hastings Street
Vancouver, B.C.

V6A 1N7
INUIT ASSOCIATIONS
NATIONAL

Inuit Tapirisat of Canada President John Amagoalik
3rd Floor .

176 Gloucester Street Telephone (613) 238-8181
Ottawa, Ontario

KZP 0A6

or

P.OT Box 417
Frobisher Bay, N.W.T.
XOA 0H0

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PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL

Baffin Region Inuit
Association

P.O. Box 219
Frobisher Bay, N.W.T.
_XOA 0H0

Committee for Original
People’s Entitlement
(COPE)

P.O. Box 2000

Inuvik, N.W.T.

XOE 0T0

Inuit Cultural Institute
Eskimo Point, N.W.T.
XOC OEO

Keewatin Inuit Association
Rankin Inlet, N.W.T.
XOL 0G0

Kitikmeot Inuit Association
P.O. Box 88

Cambridge Bay, N.W.T.

XIE lC0

Labrador Inuit Association
P.O. Box 70 _

Nain, Labrador,

AOP 1L0

Makivik Corporation

P.O. Box 179

Fort Chimo, Quebec

JOM 1C0

23

4898 de Maisonneuve west
Montreal, Quebec

H3Z 1M8 ‘

Inuit Development Corporation
Suite 902

280 Albert Street

Ottawa, Ontario

KlP 5G8

‘IAI

President

Telephone

President

Telephone

President
Telephone
President
Telephone
President

Telephone

President

Telephone

President

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

(8l9) 979-5391

Peter Green

(403) 979-3510

Thomas Kutluk
(819) 857-2085
Peter Ernerk
(819) 645-2800
Bob Kadlun

(403) 983-2458

Fran Williams

(709) 922-2942

Mary Simon
(819) 964-2925

(514) 483-2780

I613) 238-4981

M

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Inuit Tunganingat President Quppaqtayarak
Numamini

Sugluk, Quebec Telephone 8800

JOM lC0 I

NATIVE WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION OF CANADA – NATIONAL EXECUTIVE

Jane Gottfriedson President

Keremeos, B.C.

First Vice-

Clara Gloade
President

Truro, Nova Scotia

Marian Sheldon Second Vice-

Whitehorse, Yukon President
Grace Menard Treasurer
Winnipeg, Manitoba

Agnes Mills Secretary
Ottawa, Ontario

Dianna Laaore Executive
Ottawa, Ontario

Director

PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL

NATIVE WOMEN’S ORGANIZATIONS

Nova Scotia Native Women’s President Darliea Slauenwhite
Association

Barss Corner, – Telephone (902) 895-1523
Lunenburg Co., N.S. – 895-1524

BOR 1A0 A

New Brunswick Native Indian

Women’s Council

65 Brunswick Street Telephone (506) 454-1518
Room 258

Fredericton, New Brunswick

Quebec Native Women’s President Evelyn O’Bomsawin
Association Boucherville, Quebec
1600 Barry Street Telephone (514) 844-9618
Suite 288 844-7777
Montreal, Quebec

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Ontario Native Women’s

Association

278 Bay Street
Thunder Bay, Ontario
P7B 1R8

Métis Women’s Association

of Manitoba

801-228 Notre Dame Avenue

Winnipeg, Manitoba
R3B 1N7

Saskatchewan Native Women’s

Association

1102 Angus Street
Regina, Saskatchewan
S4T 1Y5

Alberta Native Women’s

Association
10176-117 Street
Edmonton, Alberta
T5K 1X3

British Columbia Native

Women’s Association
116 Seymour Street
Kamloops, B.C.

V2C 2E1

Native Women’s Association

of N.W.T.

P.O. Box 2321
Yellowknife, N.W.T.
XOE 1H0

Yukon Indian Women’s
Association

22 Nisutlin Drive
Whitehorse, Yukon
Y1A 3S5

-11-.-

President

Telephone

President

Telephone

President

Telephone

President

Telephone

President

Telephone

President

Telephone

President

Telephone

Donna Phillips
London, Ontario
(807) 345-9821

Grace Zoldy
(204) 943-0057

Georgina Fisher

(306) 527-1648

Ruth Gladue
(403) 488-9623

Mildred Gottfriedson

(604) 374-9412

Bertha Allen
Inuvik, N.W.T.
(403) 873-5509

Marion Sheldon

(403) 668-4616

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CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS

ABORIGINAL PEOPLE AND THE CONSTITUTION

June 1978

January 1979

February 5-6, 1979

April 29, 1980

IIOI

A Time for Action, federal discussion
paper and Bill C-60 on constitutional
amendment, released by federal
government. The discussion paper
calls for native issues to be
addressed and identified.

Prime Minister Trudeau invites three
national native organizations to send
observers to second First Ministers‘
Conference on the Constitution in

February.

The Prime Minister, with support of
several premiers, proposes that
federal and provincial ministers
and/or first ministers meet with
native leaders to explore their
concerns, and the conference agrees.
Also as part of the ongoing dialogue
on the Constitution, federal and
provincial governments adopt as an
agenda item “Canada’s Native Peoples
and the Constitution”, calling for.as
much native participation as
possible.

Prime Minister addresses a National
All Chiefs‘ meeting in Ottawa. He
reaffirms direct involvement by
Indian leaders “in the discussion of
constitutional changes which directly
affect you”. He indicates that from
the federal perspective this
encompasses “…such matters as
aboriginal rights, and treaty rights,
internal native self-government,
native representation in political
institutions such as Parliament and
the responsibilities of the federal
and provincial governments for the
provision of services to native
peoples“. He also announces funding
support to national native
associations for constitutional

work.

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June 9, 1980

August 1980

September 8-12, 1980

December 1980

February 13, 1980

Section 25:

Section 34:

First ministers meet in Ottawa.
Federal government proposes “…that
the leadership of the native peoples
continue to be involved in the
discussion of constitutional changes
which directly affect the native
peoples in the context of the joint
work on the item ‘Canada’s Native
Peoples and the Constitution’.”

National Indian Brotherhood, Native
Council of Canada and Inuit Committee
on National Issues meet with a sub-
committee of the Continuing Committee
of Ministers on the Constitution in
preparation for September’s First
Ministers‘ Conference on the
Constitution.

First ministers meet.
Representatives of three national
native organizations attend as
observers. There is no substantial
discussion of native issues.

The National Indian Brotherhood
(December 16th), Inuit Committee on
National Issues and Native Council of
Canada (December 12th) make
representations to the Special Joint
Committee on the Constitution of
Canada. These are supported by 14
provincial or regional Indian, Inuit
and Métis organizations.

The joint committee reports to the
House of Commons and included in the
final report are recommendations
concerning the following specific
provisions:

Aboriginal rights and freedoms
not affected by Charter

Rights of the aboriginal peoples
of Canada

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Section 36(2):

Section 55(c):

November 5, 1981
November 26, 1981

April 17, 1982
June 22, 1982

October 14, 1982

November 4-5, 1982
December 8-9, 1982

January 31-
February 1, 1983

February 15, 1983

February 28-
March 1, 1983

March 15-16, 1983

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asses. “ht

Participation of the aboriginal
peoples in constitutional
conferences

Matters requiring amendment under
general amendment procedure

The federal government and the
provinces agree to withdraw
aboriginal and treaty rights section.

The federal and provincial
governments insert “existing”

(aboriginal and treaty rights section.

Constitution Act proclaimed.

Prime Minister meets separately with
three national native organizations.
to initiate preparatory meetings
leading to Conference of First
Ministers in mid-March 1983.

Plenary group of officials meets in
Winnipeg to establish working
groups.

Plenary group meets in Ottawa.

Plenary group meets in Montreal to
review working group deliberations.

Provincial and territorial ministers,
federal Ministers of Justice and
Indian and Northern Affairs, federal
Minister of State for Social
Development, and leaders of three
national aboriginal organizations,
meet in Ottawa.

Federal and provincial officials meet
in Ottawa with representatives of
native organizations.

Second meeting at ministerial level
held in Ottawa.

First Ministers‘ Conference, Ottawa.

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1755

1782

1796

1800

1816

1828

1830

1841

1-4.

‘and the office of the Chief

February 1983

CHRONOLOGY OF THE
ADMINISTRATION OF INDIAN AFFAIRS IN CANADA

Sir William Johnson appointed by
King George III Superintendent of
Indian Affairs, Northern District.

Sir John Johnson.appointed by the
British Crown as Superintendent of
Indian Affairs under the new title,
Superintendent-General of Indian
Affairs and Inspector General of the
Indian Department. ‘

‘Responsibility for Indian Affairs in

Upper Canada given to the lieutenant-
governor.

Responsibility for Indian Affairs in
Lower Canada assumed by the crown –
appointed Governor General of British
North America (Canada).

Jurisdiction over Indian Affairs in
Upper and Lower Canada transferred to
the Commander of the Forces.

Position of Superintendent-General of
Indian Affairs and Inspector General
of the Indian Department abolished
Superintendent of Indian Affairs
created. .

Indian Department split into two
offices. In Upper Canada control is
given to the lieutenant-governor.‘ In
Lower Canada control remains with the
Military Secretary. The reserve
system is established in Upper
Canada.

‘With the Union of 1341 the two

offices of the department are
amalgamated and placed under the
authority of the Governor General.

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1844

1860

1867

1873.

1875

1876

Following the recommendation of a
Commission of Inquiry into the Indian
Department, 1842, a general
reorganization of this department of
the Britsh government is undertaken.
The Civil Secretary is designated as
Superintendent-General for Indian
Affairs and the office of Chief
Superintendent abolished.

Responsibility for Indian Affairs
transferred from Imperial control to
the Province of Canada. The Crown
Lands Department of the Government of
the United Province of Canada assumes
control of Indian matters and the
Commissioner is designated as Chief
Superintendent.

At Confederation legislative
authority in relation to “Indians.
and lands reserved for the Indians,”
is given to the federal government
and responsibility delegated to the
Department of Secretary of State for
the Provinces. The Secretary of
State becomes Superintendent-General
of Indian Affairs. 4

The Department of the Interior is
created and an Indian lands branch
set up within it. -A Board of
Commissioners is established to
administer Indian Affairs in

‘Manitoba, British Columbia and the

Northwest Territories.

The Indian Boards are abolished and a
system of superintendents and agents
established. The Victoria, Fraser,
Manitoba and Northwest
Superintendencies are created.

Indian Act is passed, consolidating
and revising all previous legislation
dealing with Indians in all existing
provinces and territories. Board of
Reserve Commissioners is set up to
settle the Indian reserve question in
British Columbia.

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1880

1894

1897

1902

.1909

1912

1924

1929

‘I I.n.I

An independent Department of Indian
Affairs is established. The Minister
of the Interior continues as
Superintendent-General of Indian «
Affairs and presides over the new
department.

In a general effort to improve
educational facilities for Indians,
an independent school branch is
established.

James A. Smart is appointed Deputy
Superintendent of Indian Affairs. He
undertakes a general reorganization
of the Department of Indian Affairs.

Frank Pedley is appointed Deputy
Superintendent of Indian Affairs,

‘ending the system whereby the Deputy

of the Interior held that post.

Revamping of the departmental
structure is undertaken by

Frank Pedley. Several distinct
branches are set up to reflect the
expanded nature of the department’s
activities. ’

Royal Commission on Indian Affairs
for the Province of British Columbia

is appointed.

The Indian Act is amended to bring
Inuit under the responsibility of the
Superintendent-General of Indian
Affairs.

Natural resources transfer agreements
are concluded respecting lands
included in Indian reserves in
Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta,
stipulating that they would remain
under federal control when these
Western provinces assumed control of
natural resources. ‘

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1936

1945

1949

1951

1960

1964

1965

1966

1969

– 4 _

The Department of Indian Affairs
becomes a branch of the Department of
Mines and Resources. The Indian
Affairs Branch is placed under

Dr. H.W. McGil1 as Director.

Indian health services are
transferred from the Department of
Mines and Resources to the Department
of National Health and Welfare.

Inuit health services are also
transferred from the responsibility
of the Northwest Territories Division
of Lands, Parks and Forests Branch.

Indian Affairs Branch is transferred
to the Department of Citizenship and
Immigration.

A new Indian Act is passed after
intensive study by a Special Joint
Committee of the Senate and House of

« Commons, 1946-48.

A new administrative region is
created, the District of Mackenzie,
with headquarters at Fort Smith,

4 N.W.T.

Director of Indian Affairs Branch is
raised to level of Assistant Deputy
Minister (Indian Affairs) in the
Department of Citizenship and
Immigration. A federal-provincial
ministerial conference on Indian
Affairs is held in Ottawa.

The Indian Affairs Branch is
transferred to the Department of
Northern Affairs and National
Resources.

The Department of Indian Affairs and’
Northern Development is established.

Government white paper on Indian
policy is released. An Indian claims
commissioner is appointed by the
Minister of Indian Affairs and
Northern Development.

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1973

1974

1975

1976

1980

1981

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assess

The federal government issues a
policy paper on native land claims,
entitled Statement on Claims of
Indian and Inuit People.

The department establishes the Office
of Native Claims.

An agreement is reached between the
National Indian Brotherhood and a
committee of the federal cabinet to
establish a mechanism for ongoing
consultation on all issues affecting
Indian people. A Canadian Indian
Rights Commission is set up. First
comprehensive claim settlement, the
James Bay and Northern Quebec
Agreement, is signed with the Cree
Indians of James Bay, Inuit of Arctic
Quebec, province of Quebec and
Government of Canada. The
Cabinet/NIB Committee meets between
fall of 1975 and 1977. The
Cabinet/Native Council of Canada
Committee is established around the
same time and continues to meet on a
regular basis.

The department releases a document,
New Federal Government-Indian
Relationship, outlining a policy
intended to encourage joint
participation in policy and program
development.

The department releases Indian
Conditions: -a Survey, a report
indicating that despite improvements
in some areas such as economic and
political development, Indian people
still face grave problems.

The department releases a booklet, In
all Fairness, which expands on the

government’s policy on comprehensive
9. ‘ ’

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1982

The government releases a revised
policy on specific claims, entitled
Outstanding Business. The
Constitution Act is proclaimed,
recognizing and affirming “existing
aboriginal and treaty rights” of
Canada’s aboriginal people.

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February 1983

FEDERAL PROGRAMS AND SERVICES FOR ABORIGINAL PEOPLES

The Government of Canada provides a variety of services to
native people, in areas such as housing and community
infrastruture, education, health, cultural development, band
government, economic development and social services.

Programs for aboriginal peoples may be universal or native-
specific. Universal programs are those major national
programs, such as Family Allowance, Old Age Security and
Unemployment Insurance, which benefit all eligible Canadians.
These programs are “non-discretionary”, in the sense that the
nature and level of service are determined by legislation.

Native—specific programs are those programs that are directed
specifically or largely to native people, or of which native
people are important and identifiable beneficiaries. Generally
these programs are “discretionary” in the sense that the nature
and level of service are determined by the federal cabinet and
not by specific legislation. Many native-specific programs,
particularly those for status Indians and Inuit, provide basic
and essential services such as housing, education and health

care o

Federal expenditures on native-specific programs for 1982/83
total approximately $1,950 million provided through 15
different federal departments. The Department of Indian
Affairs and Northern Development accounts for 74 per cent of

this amount.

Department‘ $M

Indian Affairs and Northern Development 1,435.1
Health and Welfare ‘ 238.9
Employment and Immigration 94.5
Regional Economic Expansion 38.5

32.8

Secretary of State
Canada Mortgage and Housing 37.1
All other departments and agencies (9) 73.9

Total $1,950.8M

The federal government has undertaken a special responsibility
to status Indians (persons registered or entitled to be
registered as Indians under the Indian Act) and Inuit people
for the provision of needed services, especially where the
requirement for such services flows from treaties or other
sources of obligation such as the Indian Act. Therefore, the
largest share of federal expenditures is applied to status

Indians and Inuit. –
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Total federal expenditures by native group, 1982-83 ($Million)

Native Group, South of 60° North of 60° Total
Status Indians $1,492 90 $1,582
Inuit 19 144 163
Métis and Non-
Status Indians 32 48 80
Not specificed 50 – 50
-$TT5‘9″3’ “””2″é‘2″‘ “$’l_,’£T7§*

* This table is based on an earlier and less complete analysis
of federal expenditures than the previous table. ‘

Services to status Indians

Direct expenditures by the federal government for status
Indians provide education, social assistance, community health
care and economic assistance programs. Most federal programs
are directed to status Indians living on reserves. Current per
capita federal expenditures for status Indians on reserves are

about $6,330.

Federal expenditures for status Indians (South of 60°)
by program area, 1982-83

Program Area _ $Millions Per cent
Education 436.0 29.2’
Social services 270.5 18.1
Health ‘ 204.9 13.7
Culture 18.9 1.3
Justice 2.0 0.1
Housing and community
. infrastructure 215.4 A 14.4
Employment and economic
development 123.5 8.3
Band government 67.8 4.5
Miscellaneous 47.7 3.2
Administrative overhead 105.3 7.1
Total §l,492.0 100.0

About one-half the dollar value of the federally-funded
programs is administered directly by the bands affected.

…/3

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Services to status Indians off reserve

f status Indian living off
66 to about 93,000 or 29
The migration off

n the large and medium—sized

particularly Winnipeg, Regina and

Since the mid-1960s the proportion o
reserves-has grown from 42,000 in l9
per cent of all status Indians in 1980.
reserve has been most pronounced i
cities of Western Canada,
Vancouver.

Status Indians living off reserves face a complicated pattern
of eligibility for government services. For example, health
services are typically provided by the provinces to Indians as
they are to other provincial residents. However, in some
provinces, welfare and child~care services are only available
to Indians after 12 months continuous residency off the

reserve.

Status Indians seeking government services away from reserves
encounter problems of access, and frequently the services
available are not appropriate to their needs. Migration on and
off reserve for short periods places Indians between federal
and provincial agencies in search of services.

Services to Métis and non-status Indians

Métis and non-status Indians are not considered to be Indian
people within the meaning of the Indian Act. Until recently
they have generally received only those services universally
available to all citizens. However during the past two
decades, in recognition of their special needs, a number of
programs have been developed that benefit Métis and non-status

Indian people:

Canada Mortage and — Rural and native housing
Housing Corporation

Employment training, job creation and

Employment and ~-
Immigration — labour market development
Health and . —— National Native Alcohol and Drug

Welfare Canada Abuse Program

Special ARDA and Northlands

Regional Economic —

Expansion Agreement

Secretary of ~- Native Citizens Program
State

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Services to Inuit

Most services to Arctic Inuit are delivered by the Northwest
Territories government, which receives more than 80 per cent of
its revenues from transfers from the federal government.
Similar services are provided to the Inuit of Northern Quebec
partly by the provincial government, and partly by the elected
regional government for the Quebec Inuit, established as a
result of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975.
In Labrador, the Newfoundland government exercises primary
responsibility for administering services to Inuit under a
cost-sharing agreement with.the federal government.

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February 1983

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY — ABORIGINAL PEOPLES

The bibliography that follows is by no means exhaustive.
Rather, the titles have been selected from among those that
would appear to be particularly relevant to the constitutional
matters on the agenda for the Conference of First Ministers,
March 15 and 16, 1983, in Ottawa. Over the years, there have
been many other books, studies and reports published on the

aboriginal peoples of Canada.

Please note that publications produced by the Department of
Indian Affairs and Northern Development are available from the
department’s public enquiries kiosk in the main foyer at

10 wellington Street, Hull, Quebec (819) 997-0380.

Publications originating from the House of Commons are
available from the House of Commons Distribution Office,

Parliament Hill, Ottawa, (613) 996-0679.

Most of the other publications listed in the following
bibliography may be found in municipal or university
libraries.

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BOOKS:

February 1933

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY – ABORIGINAL PEOPLES

Abel, A.S. Toward.a Constitutional Charter for Canada.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980.

Badcock, William. Who Owns Canada: Aboriginal Title
and Canadian Courts. Ottawa: Canadian Association in
support of the Native Peoples, 1976. ‘ ‘

Beck, Stanley and Ivan Bernier, eds. Canada and the new

°Constitution. 2 volumes. ,Montreal: The_Institute for:

Research on public Policy, 1983.

Berger, Thomas. Fragile Freedoms: Human Rights and
,D1ssent in Canada. ]Toronto;,;C1arke,.Irwin and
Company Ltd., 1981.‘ “ .« -. ‘

Beaudoin,’G.¥A. Essais sur la Constitution. “Ottawa:
Editions de l’Univers1té d’0ttawa, 1979.

Cardinal, Harold.‘ The Unjust_Society: the Tra§edy*of;

Canada’s Indians. ‘Edmonton:f’M.G. Hurtig,.1969.’

Crows, Keith. A History of the Original Peoples of_’ _
Northern Canada. Montreal: Arctic Institute of North
America, 1974.

Cumming, P. and N. Mickenberg, eds. Native.Rights in
Canada. 2nd edition. Toronto: General Publishing
COO,

Daniels, Harry. Native People and the Constitution of
Canada; (The Report of the Métis and Non-Status Indian
Constitutional Review Commission). Ottawa: Mutual
Press, April 1981. ’

Ferrari, L. Human Rights.and the Canadian Indian.
Moncton: New Brunswick Human Rights Commission,
Department of Labour, 1973. – . A

Lysyk, Kenneth M., Q.C. The Rights and Freedoms of the
Aboriginal Peoples of Canada. Chapter 15, “The; ‘
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms:. Commentary”,
W.S. Tarnopolsky and G.~A. Beaudoin. Toronto: The’
Carswell Company Limited, 1982. 5

Patterson, E. Palmer 11. The Canadian Indian: A
History §ince 1500. Don Mills: Collier4Macmillan
rrA– I972.

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BOOKS: (Cont’d)

Sealey, D. Bruce and V.J. Kirkness, eds. Indians.
Without Tipis:’ A Resource Book by Indians and Métis.
Vancouver: William Clare Limited, 1973.

Sealey, D. Bruce and Antoine S. Lussier. The Métisz
Canada’s Forgotten People. Winnipeg: Manitoba Métis
Federation Press, 1975.

Sheppard, R. and M. Valpy. The National Deal: The
Fight for a Canadian Constitutigg. Toronto: Fleet
Publishers, 1982.

Slattery, Brian. The Land Rights of Indigenous Canadian
Peoples as Affected by the Crown’s Acquisition of
their Territories. Doctoral dissertation in.
Philosophy, Oxford, 1979.

Watkins, Mel, ed. Dene Nation — The Colony Within.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977.

Weaver, Sally. Making Canadian Indian Policy: The
Hidden Agenda, 1968 – 1970. Toronto: University of
Toronto Press, 1981.

ARTICLES:

Bissonnette, Alain. “Les droits des autochtones et les
territoires du nord—ouest”, Bulletin canadien de
l’aide,iuridique, Les autochtones et la justice au
Canada, numéro special, partie 1, pp. 133-171, janvier
1982.

Calvin, Eric. “Legal Process and Resolution of Indian
Land Claims”, Studies in Aboriginal Rights, University
of Saskatchewan (Native Law Centre), Saskatoon, 1981.

Denhez, Marc. “Impact of Inuit Rights on Arctic
Waters”, Northern Perspectives, vol. 10, no. 5,
(Sept. “” 0C.to

Jamieson, Kathleen. “Sisters under the skin: the
exploration of the implications of feminist-
materialist perspective research“, Canadian Ethnic
Studies, vol. XIII, no. 1, 1981.

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ARTICLES: (Cont’d)

Mn

Lysyk, Kenneth. “Human Rights and the Native Peoples of
Canada”, Canadian Bar Review, 1968.

Lysyk, Kenneth. “The Indian Title Question in Canada:
An Appraisal in the Light of Calder”, Canadian Bar
Review, vol. 51, September 1973.

Lysyk, Kenneth. “The Unique Constitutional Position of
the Canadian Indian”, Canadian Bar Review, September

1967.

Morisset, Jean. “The Aboriginal Nationhood: the
Northern Challenge and the Construction of Canadian
Unity”, Queen’s Quarterly, Summer 1980.

Moss, John E. “Native Proposals for Constitutional
Reform”, Journal of Canadian Studies, vol. 15, no. 4,

Winter 1980/81.

Morse, Bradford W., ed. Canadian Legal Aid Bulletin,
National Legal Aid Research Centre, Part 1, January
1982, vol. 5, no. 1, Native People and Justice in
Canada, Part II (April-July 1982), vol. 5, nos. 2 & 3.
Native People and Justice in Canada. Ottawa.

Slattery, Brian. “Ancestral lands: alien laws,
judicial perspectives on aboriginal land title”,
Osgoode Hall Law School, c. 1983.

Weaver, Sally. “Federal Difficulties with Aboriginal
Rights Demands”, Paper read at the Conference on
Aboriginal Rights, University of Lethbridge, Alberta,
(January 18-21, 1983). Available from the University

of Waterloo.

Weaver, Sally. “The Joint Cabinet/National Indian
Brotherhood Committee: unique experiment in pressure
group relations”, Canadian Public Administration, vol.
25, no. 2, Summer 1982.

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DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS AND NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT (DIAND)
PUBLICATIONS:

A History of Native Claims Processes in Canada
Ottawa, Canada, 1980.

DIAND.

An Overview of Some Recent Research on Attitudes

DIAND. L
in Canada Towards Indian People. Ottawa, Canada,
1980.

DIAND. In all Fairness, A Native Claims Policyl

Comprehensive Claims. Ottawa, Canada, 1981.

Outstanding Business, A Native Claims Policy,
Ottawa, Canada, 1982.

DIAND.
Specific Claims.

The Elimination of Sex Discrimination from the
Ottawa, Canada, 1982.

DIAND.
Indian Act.

DIAND/Statistics Canada Workshop. Indian Demographic
Patterns and Trends and their Implications for Policy

and Planning. Ottawa, Canada, June 1980.

DIAND. Barnhart, R. and D. Madill. The Métis as a
Factor in the Euro-Canadian Development of the
Canadian West. Ottawa, Canada, 1978.

DIAND. Survey of

Barnhart, R. and D. Madill.
Historical Records on the Métis. Ottawa, Canada,
1978.
DIAND. Daugherty, W. and D. Madill. Indian Government

Under Indian Act Legislation: 1868~l951. Ottawa,

Canada, 1980.

DIAND. Freeman, Milton M.R., ed. Inuit Land Use and
Occupancy Project. vols. 1-3, Supply and Services
Canada. Ottawa, Canada, 1976.

DIAND. Knox, R.H. Indian Conditions: A Survey.

Ottawa, Canada, 1980.

Leslie, J. and R. Maguire, eds. The Historical

DIAND.
Ottawa, Canada, 1978.

Development of the Indian Act.

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I1 I 1» null]; nifllli 1|: 1I.~ 1:

DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS AND NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT (DIANDLL
PUBLICATIONS: (cont’d)

DIAND. Maguire, R. Indian Treaties in Historical
Perspective. Ottawa, Canada, 1979.

DIAND. Siggner, A. and C. Locatelli. Population
Projections for the Registered Indian Population,
1973-1990. Ottawa, Canada, 1977.

HOUSE OF COMMONS PUBLICATIONS:

House of Commons. Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence
of the Sub-committee on Indian Women and the Indian
55;. Standing Committee on Indian Affairs and
Northern Development. (Issues 1—5); Ottawa, Canada,
1982. K

House of Commons. Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence
of the Special Committee to act as a Task Force on
Indian Self-Government. Standing Committee on Indian
Affairs and Northern Development. (Issues 1-4);
Ottawa, Canada, 1982/83. 8

House of Commons. Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence
on the Constitution of Canada. Special Joint
Committee of the Senate and House of Commons. (Issues
1-31); Ottawa, Canada, 1980/81.

MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS:

Supply and Services Canada. Drury, C.M. Constitutional
Development in the Northwest Territories, Report of
the Special Representative. Ottawa, Canada, January

1980.

King’s Printer. Shortt, A. and A.G. Doughty. Documents

relating to the Constitutional History of Canada 1759-

1791. Ottawa, Canada, 1918. –

Supply and Services Canada. Berger, Thomas. Mackenzie
Valley Pipeline Inquiry Proceeding_. Burnaby, British
Columbia, 1977. .

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MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS: (cont’d)

ill

Supply and Services Canada. Berger, Thomas. Northern
Frontier, Northern Homeland, Report of the Mackenzie
Valley Pipeline Inquiry. Ottawa, Canada, 1977.

Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada Daily. Native
People, 1981 Census of Population; p. 6. Ottawa,
Canada, February 1983. ‘

National Museum of Canada. Jenness, Diamond. The
Indians of Canada. 6th edition. Ottawa, Canada,
1972. , ‘

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procureur général du Canada Attorney Generai of Canada » \

NOTE A LA PRESSE

Ce dossier contient des documents de base qui permettront aux
journalistes de prendre connaissance des problémes complexes
que présentent les droits des autochtones. Ces problemes
feront l’objet de délibérations lors de la Conférence des
premiers ministres qui se tiendra a Ottawa les 15 et 16 mars
prochains. on s’est efforcé de présenter cette information de
facon aussi objective que possible. Les renseignements donnés

ne refletent pas forcément la politique officielle et
l’orientation du gouvernement du Canada.

Contenu

1. La Constitution canadienne, 1981.

2. Les peuples autochtones du Canada et la Constitution.

8. Les peuples autochtones du Canada.

4. La Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 — articles relatifs
aux peuples autochtones du Canada.

5. Les droits des femmes autochtones.

6. Organisations autochtones au Canada.

7. Les peuples autochtones et la Constitution –
Chronologie des événements.

8. L‘administration des affaires indiennes au Canada —
une chronologie.

9. Programmes et services du gouvernement fédéral a
l’intention des peuples autochtones.

l0. Bibliographic choisie des peuples autochtones.

Renseignements : Francine Girard
(613) 593-6886

_ 30 –
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Février 1983
LES PEUPLES.AUTOCHTONES DU CANADA ET LA CONSTITUTION

En décembre 1981,’1e Parlement canadien adoptait une résolution
qui a servi de base A l‘adresse conjointe présentée a Sa
Majesté la Reine par la Chambre des communes et le Sénat ;
cette resolution préparait la voie au ” rapatriement ” de la
Constitution canadienne.

L‘adresse conjointe comprenait des articles concus dans’1e but
de reconnaitre et de protéger les droits autochtones existants
(article 35), et dans le but également de s’assurer que ces _
droits seraient étudiés en détail et définis clairement par un
mécanisme subséquent (article 37 (2)). Ces articles résultent
de négociations soutenues qui ont duré pres de 18 mois : ils
étaient inclus dans la Loi-constitutionnelle, a la suite d‘un
accord intervenu entre toutes les parties au cours des derniers
stades des débats sur la résolution.

Par la suite, au début de 1982, 1e Parlement britannique
adoptait la Loi sur le Canada, qui modifiait la Constitution
canadienne, pour y inclure la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982.

\

Le 17 avril 1982, la reine proclamait officiellement, a Ottawa,
la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982. C’était la derniére étape du
mécanisme de ” rapatriement “. –

Cette loi stipule a l’article 37 que le premier ministre devra
convoquer, dans 1’année suivant la proclamation de cette loi,.
une conférence constitutionnelle réunissant les premiers
ministres provinciaux et lui—méme, conférence cu seront
discutées les questions constitutionnelles qui intéressent
directement les peuples autochtones du Canada.

La conférence constitutionnelle. qui réunit les premiers
ministres, aura lieu les 15 et 16 mars 1983 5 Ottawa, au
Secretariat des conférences inter~gouvernementales

canadiennes.

Cette conférence marquera le début d’un examen approfondi au
cours duquel on entreprendra de déterminer et de définir les
droits additionnels des peuples autochtones, droits qu’on devra

‘par la suite inscrire dans la Constitution du Canada.

La loi prévoit aussi la participation des peuples autochtones a
la conférence constitutionnelle. A cet effet, le premier
ministre a invité des représentants des trois organisations
nationales autochtones a participer directement aux
délibérations : l’Assemb1ée des premieres nations représentera

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les Indiens inscrits ; le Conseil national des autochtones du
Canada, pour sa part, representera les Indiens non inscrits
tandis que le Comite des Inuits sur les questions d‘interet
national sera present au nom des Inuits. .

Le Cabinet federal a tenu 5 appuyer la participation des
organisations autochtones au mecanisme constitutionnel ; a
cette fin, il a done reserve une somme de 2 809 910 dollars

pour 1’annee financiers 1982-1983. (Se reporter 5 l‘annexe A).

On s’attend a ce que la conference de mars innove en matiere de
developpement constitutionnel. Pour la premiere fois, les
questions considerees comme fondamentales par les peuples
autochtones du Canada deviendront le point de mire pour le pays
tout entier lors d’une conference des premiers ministres. ‘Ce
sera egalement la premiere fois que les representants des
peuples autochtones seront des participants a part entiere aux

travaux de la conference.

Pour la premiere fois aussi, les representants elus des
gouvernements des deux territoires participeront aux
deliberations qui touchent directement le Yukon et les

Territoires du Nord—Ouest.

En preparation de la conference des premiers ministres, des
groupes de travail a Winnipeg, Ottawa et Montreal se sont
penchés sur de multiples questions touchant les aspects
politiques, sociaux et economiques. Pendant les quatre
derniers mois de 1982, les representants du gouvernement
federal, des_provinces et des territoires ont rencontre le
Comite des Inuits sur les questions d’interét national et le
Conseil national des autochtones du Canada pour definir leurs
positions respectives et pour commencer a etablir un ordre du

jour.

Deux reunions ministerielles ont eu lieu 5 Ottawa : 1’une, du
31 janvier au lef fevrier 1983, l’autre, du 28 fevrier au

13‘ mars 1983. Etaient presents : les ministres des

provinces et des territoires, les ministres federaux de la
Justice. des Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien, le
ministre d’Etat au developpement social et le secretaire
d‘Etat. _ Les dirigeants de toutes les organisations nationales

autochtones y participaient egalement.

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11 a resulte de ces consultations un accord unanime au sujet de
l’ordre du jour suivant :

1.

Charts des droits des autochtones (partie II
elargie de la Loi constitutionnelle)
comprenant :

— Preambule

– Elimination du mot ” existant ” de
l’article 35 et developpement de
cet article pour y inclure la _
reconnaissance des traites actuels, des
traites signes hors-Canada et avant la
Confederation, et la mention precise du
” titre autochtone “, y compris les
droits des peuples autochtones du Canada
a des territories et des cours d’eau
.reserves.

— Enonce des droits particuliers des
peuples autochtones

– Enonce des principes

– Egalite

– Mise en application

— Interpretation

Revisions de la formule d’amendement, y
compris :

— Amendements touchant les questions
autochtones ne devant pas etre
assujettis au droit de retrait des
provinces (article 42)

– Clause de consentement

Gouvernement autochtone autonome.

Abrogation de l’artic1e 42 (1) (e) et (f).
Amendements a la partie III, y compris :

– Perequation Organisation des

— Partage des cofits gouvernements
– Prestation de services autochtones

Mecanisme continu, y compris d’autres
rencontres des premiers ministres et
enchessement des procedes necessaires pour
implanter les droits.

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Les droits et les traites autochtones sont garantis par
l’article 35 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982. La
determination et la definition de ces droits s’averent une
téche tres complexe qui necessitera des discussions
suivies, procede que la Conference des premiers ministres
etablira officiellement.

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Les langues autochtcnes

I1 existe chez les Indiens du Canada 10 familles linguistiques
différentes : 1’algonquine, l’iroquoise, la siouse,
1’athapascane, la koutenaise, la salishane, la wakashane, la
tsimshiane,.1’haida et la tlingite. Chacune de ces familles
linguistiques est composée de sous—groupes parlant des langues
apparentées ou des dialectes. I1 existe également au Canada
six regions culturelles indiennes reconnues. On peut etablir,
dans certains cas, un parallels entre les bagages culturels et
linguistiques de certains groupes d’Indiens, mais les parentés
linguistiques ne signifient pas nécessairement des parentés
culturelles. _
Pour ce qui est des Inuits, ils appartiennent 5 une seule
famille linguistique principals, la famille esquimaude—aléoute
et bien que 1’inuktitut soit la seule langue, i1 existe de
nombreux dialectes.

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‘N.B. Pour une etude approfondie de la definition des peuples

autochtcnes, voir Lysyk, Kenneth, ” Droits et libertes des
peuples autochtcnes du Canada ” dans La Charte canadienne des
droits et libertes: un commentaire, par W.S. Tarnopolsky et
G.A. Beaudoin. Carswell Company Ltd, Toronto, 1982.

1 Ia.I

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Appendice A—Recensement de Statistique Canada

Le mardi 1*‘ février 1983

Page 6
Tableau 1
Autochtones, Canada
1931-81
Amérindien Metis (issus
Population d’autochtones
Année de Population autochtone Inuit Indien Indien et de non-
recensement totale totale (Esquimaux) Total inscrit non inscrit autochtcnes)
1931 10,376,786 128,890‘ N.D. N.D. N.D.) N.D. N.D.
1941 11,506,655 160,937? 7,205 118,316 N.D. N.D. 35,416
1951 14.009.429 165.6073 9.733 155,874 N.D. N.B. N.D.
1961 18,238,247 220,1213 11,835 208,286 N.D. N.D. N.D.
1971 21,568,311 312.7654 17.550 295,215 N.D. N.D. N.D.
19816 – 24,083,496 491.4605 25.390 367.810 292.700 75.110 98.260

‘ Comprend les Amérindiens, les Inuit at les Metis issus d’autocI1tonss at de non-autochtcnes dont Ia lignée a été établie du cété

de la mere.

2 Comprend les Amérindiens, les Inuit at les Métis issus d ‘autochtcnes at de n

du pére.

3 Comprend les Amérindiens, les Inuit et certains Métis issus d’autochtones at de non

indiennes ou dont Ia lignée a été établie du cdté du pare.

on-autochtcnes dont-la lignée a été établie du cdté

-autochtcnes vivant dans des réservss

4 Comprend seulement les Amérindians et les Inuit dont Ia lignée a été établiedu cdté du pare.

5 Comprend les Amérindiens, les Inuit at
deux parents.

6 Ne comprend pas les pensionnaires dinstitution.
N. D. Données non disponibles ou inédites.

Autochlones, recensement de la population de 1981

D’aprés le recensement de la population de 1981, plus
de 491 ,000 Canadians ont déclaré qu’ils étaient des
autochtcnes; de ce nombre, il y a eu plus de 25,000
lnuit, pres de 293,000 Indiens inscrits, plus de 75,000
lndients non inscrits et plus de 98,000 Métis. C’était la
premiere fois que l’on essayait vraiment de recenser
les-Métis, bien qu’au recensement de 1941 on alt enra-
gistré 35,416 personnes ayant une double origins
autochtone et non autochtone.

Aux recensements de 1911 a 1931, les personnes
d’origlne autochtone ou métisse ont été dénombrées
comme des Indiens ou des Esquimaux, la lignée étant
établie par la mere (l’ascendance non autochtone, par
le pare). Ainsi, dans les recensements antérieurs, les
personnes d’origlne métisse ont figuré dans le chiflre
total des autochtcnes si elles s’étaient déclarées
comme telles.

Aux recensements de 1951 et 1961, les personnes
d’origine métisse ont été comptées comma autoch-
tones si elles vivaient dans une réserve indienne. Si
elles ne vivaient pas dans une reserve, elles étaient
lnscrltes comme autochtcnes uniquement si elles
pouvaient prouver une descendance autochtone
paternelle. Cette nouvelle procedure a marqué un
grand changement parrapport aux recensements
antérieurs at a probablement entrainé une baisse du
nombre total d’autochtones pour ces deux
recensements.

En 1971, année du premier recensement par auto-
dénombrement, les autochtcnes ont été recensés
comma Indiens (iaisant partie d’une bande), comme
Indiens (ne faisant pas partie d’une bande) ou comme
Esquimaux. Aucune rubrique spéciale ne permettalt
de déclarer les personnes d’origine métisse. Par
consequent. it so peut qu’au recensementde1971, bon
nombre de ces personnes-n’aient pas été comptées
dans le chiffre total des autochtcnes.

les personnes qui se sont déclarées métisses at dont la lignée a été établie du cote’ des

Le tableau 1 presents des statistiques chronologi-
ques sur les autochtcnes, outre certaines réserves sur
leur degré de comparabilité. Ce sont les données des
recensements de 1941 etde1981 qui peuvent le mieux
se comparer puisque dans les deux cas it y a eu tenta-
tive pour dénombrer a part les personnes d’origine
métisse. Au cours de ces quarante années, la popula-
tion totale a augmenté de 109% alors que la population
autochtone s’est accrue de 205%. Cost chez les lnuit
que l’on a observe la hausse la plus forte (252%) tandis
que chez les Amérindiens. Paccroissement a été de
210%. Ces augmentations sont attribuables presque
exclusivement a des causes naturelles, par example
une fécondité plus élevée et une mortalité plus faible.
Ainsi, il est intéressant de noter que la population non
autochtone a progressé beaucoup moins rapidement,
malgré |’apport des immigrants.

D’aprés les chiffres obtenus. la population métisse a
augmenté de177%,ce qui représente un taux de crois-
sance inférieur a celui des Amérindiens et des Inuit
mais nettement supérieur a celui des
non-autochtcnes.

Ces accroissements considérables du nombre d’au-
tochtones ont surtout été enregistrés depuis 1941.
D’apres les dossiers des périodes antérieures, cette.
population a affiché une stabllité relative entre 1901 et
1931. pulsqu’ella comptait an moyenne environ
120,000 personnes.

(suite a la page suivante)

4554 .313

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Le mardi 1*” février 1983

Page 7

Tableau 2

Autochtones selon le type, Canada at provinces/territolres

1981

Population – Indien
Population autochtone Indien 000

Region totals‘ totals lnuit inscrit inscrit Metis
Canada 24,083,496 491,460 25,390 292,700 75,110 98.250
Terrs-Nsuvs 563,747 4,430 1,850 . 1,010 1,185 385
ils-du-Prince-Edouard 121,223 625 30 400 140 50
Nouvelle—Ecosse 839,801 7,795 130 5,905 1,155 605
Nouveau-Brunswick 689,373 5,515 5 4,235 865 415
Quebec 6,369,068 52,395 4,875 34,400 5,810 7,310
Ontario 8 534,263 110,060 1,095 70,190 26,090 12.580
Manitoba 1,013,703 66,280 230 39,710 5,855 20,485
Saskatchewan 956,441 59,200 145 37,470 4,135 17,455
Alberta 2 213,651 72,050 510 35,810 8,595 27,135
Colombis-Britanniqus 2,713,615 82,645 515 54,085 19,085 8,955
Yukon 23,074 4,045 95 2,770 990 190
Territoires du Nord-Ouest 45,537 26,430 15,910 6,720 1,205 2.595

1 Ne comprsnd pas les pensionnaires dinstitution.

Le tableau 2indiqusls nombre ds personnes quiont
déclaré une origins autochtons au recensement de
1981, c’est-a-dire environ 2.0% de la population totals.
Mais leur répartition varie considérablement d’une
province a |’autrs. Ainsi, les autochtcnes ont figure
pour seulement 0.5% ds touts la population de l’lle—du-
Prince-Edouard, alors qu’au Manitoba, cs pourcen-
tage était ds 6.5%, soit ls plus ,élevé de toutes les
provinces; cs taux est cependant inférisur a ceux du
Yukon (17.5%) et des Territoires du Nord-Ouest
(58.0%). Un peu plus du tiers de la population totals
des Tsrritoires du Nord-Ouest se compose d’|nuit. Les
seulss autrss regions 00 l’on retrouve une concentra-
tion d’lnuit sont ls nord du Quebec st la région septen-
trionale du Labrador a Terrs-Nsuvs.

C’ss_t en Ontario st en Colombie-Britannique que
l’on compts le plus grand nombre d’autochtones qui
ont declare avoir conserve les droits d’lndiens inscrits
mais it y en a également de fortss concentrations au
Quebec et dans les provinces des Prairies.

ll convient d’utilissr avec prudence les données
concernant les Indiens inscrits, les Indiens non ins-
crits et les Metis. En sffst, comme les termes Indiens
inscrits st lndisns non inscripts désignent un statut
juridique, il se peut que ces deux groupes comprsn-
nsnt des personnes d’origine métisse ou autre qu’amé-
rindienne. Par sxemple, une fsmme non autochtone
mariés a un lndien inscrit devient légalement une
indienne inscrits. Son origins ethnique demeurs tou-
teiois non autochtons. Dans ces cas, on ne salt pas si

les gens se sont declares comme Indiens inscrits ou‘

comme membres d’un groups ethnique non
autochtons.

En général, les Indiens non inscrits sont ceux qui ont
délaissé leurs droits’d’lndiens inscrits, tandis que les
métis sont issus d’une union entre autochtcnes st non-

f“……… ,1!!!

autochtcnes. Cspendant, au fil des generations, les
descendants s’associent davantage a une culture, st
des personnes d’origine métisse peuvent alors ss
considérer comme Indiens ou membres d’un groups
ethnique non autochtons. par sxemple d’origine fran-
caiss ou anglaise. Le nombre ds Metis au recensement
rsflsterait non pas tsllement l’origine biologlque des
répondants mais plutot leur sentiment d’appartsnance
au groups. Dans les provinces des Prairies, cu les
Métis restsnt tres attaches a leur histoire et ‘a csrtains
ds leur droits culturels, les chiffrss obtenus sont relati-
vement plus élsvés que partout ailleurs. Dans les
autres regions, il se peut que csrtainss personnes
d’origine métisse se soisnt dsclaréss comme Indiens
non inscrits ou membres d’un groups ethnique non
autochtons. selon Ie patrimoine culturel auquel elles
s’identifient le plus.

Pour plus ds rsnseignements, communiqusr avec
Luc Albert ou Sylvia Wargon (613-995-7946), Section
des caractéristiques sociales et des familles, Statisti-
que Canada. Ottawa (Ont.), K1A 0T6.

nmflh Ihflllu 1|: m u:

(‘1; ,_ _ _1I_+_I

Février 1983

LA LOI CONSTITUTIONNELLE DE 1982
ARTICLES RELATIFS AUX PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES DU CANADA

En plus des dispositions d’application générale sur les droits
et libertés, on trouve dans la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982
des dispositions particuliéres sur les droits des peuples

autochtcnes du Canada.

En effet, la Charte canadienne des droits et libertes qui
constitue la partie I de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982

stipule 5 l’article 25~:

25. Le fait que la présente charte garantit
certains droits et libertes ne porte pas
atteinte aux droits ou libertés – _
ancestraux, issus de traités ou autres — des

peuples autochtcnes du Canada, notamment .

a) aux droits ou libertés reconnus par la
Proclamation royale du 7 octobre 1763 ;

b) aux droits ou libertés acquis par
réglement de revendications
territoriales.

A l’article 35 que constitue la partie II de la loi, on
mentionne particuliérement les droits des peuples autochtcnes
et on donne une definition de l’expression ” peuples

autochtones du Canada .

35. (1) Les droits existants – ancestraux ou
issus de traités – des peuples
autochtones du Canada sont reconnus et

confirmés. —

(2) Dans la présente loi, ” peuples
autochtones du Canada ” comprend
notamment les Indiens, les Inuits et les

Métis du Canada.

C’est 5 l’article 37(2) que l’on parle de la participation des
peuples autochtcnes aux trayaux de la Conference constitutionnelle

des premiers ministres :

…/2

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37. (1) Dans l’année suivant l’entrée en vigueur
de la présente partie, le premier
ministre du Canada convoque une
conference constitutionnelle réunissant
les premiers ministres provinciaux et
lui~méme. –

(2) Sont placées a l’ordre du jour de la
conference visée au paragraphe (1) les
questions constitutionnelles qui
intéressent directement les peuples
autochtcnes du Canada, notamment la
détermination et la definition des‘
droits de ces peuples 5 inscrire dans la
Constitution du Canada. Le premier
ministre du Canada invite leurs
representants a participer aux travaux
relatifs a ces questions.

(3) Le premier ministre du Canada invite des
representants élus des gouvernements du
territoire du Yukon et des Territoires
du Nord-Ouest 3 participer aux travaux
relatifs 5 toute question placée a
l’ordre du jour de la conférence visée
au paragraphe (1) et qui, selon lui,
intéresse directement le territoire du
Yukon et les Territoires du Nord-Ouest.

Le paragraphe 52(1) revét aussi une certaine importance, comme
en fait foi le texte de la loi :

S2. (1) La Constitution du Canada est la loi’
supréme du Canada ; elle rend inopérante
les dispositions incompatibles de toute
autre régle de droit.

3.. _=.

“=5. .32.;

Février 1983

LES DROITS DES FEMMES AUTOCHTONES

Depuis 1869, divers articles de la Loi sur les Indiens ont
établi contre les femmes autochtcnes une discrimination fondée
sur leur sexe et sur leur statut matrimonial. La nécessité
d‘é1iminer ces articles discriminatoires s‘avére plus urgente
depuis l’adoption de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982.

L’artic1e 15 (1) de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés
garantit ” 1’égalité devant la loi et selon ses dispositions ”
ainsi que ” la meme protection et les memes bénéfices légaux ”
indépendamment du sexe. Cet article entrera en vigueur en
1985, soit trois ans aprés la promulgation de la charte. Il
est fort probable que, suite 5 1’entrée en vigueur de 1’artic1e
15 (1), les dispositions de la Loi sur les Indiens qui
établissent une discrimination fbndée sur le sexe deviendront

inopérantes.

Le sous-comité sur les femmes autochtcnes
et sur la Loi sur les Indiens

Le 4 aofit 1982, le ministre des Affaires indiennes et du

Nord, 1‘honorable John Munro, fit savoir que, conformément 5 un
vote unanime de la Chambre des communes, la détermination des
moyens pour mettre fin a la discrimination fondée sur le sexe
avait été soumise a un sous-comité sur les femmes autochtcnes

et sur la Loi sur les Indiens.

C’était la premiere fois dans notre histoire qu’un comité
comprenait trois membres d’office représentant respectivement
1‘Assemb1ée des premieres nations, le Conseil des autochtcnes‘
du Canada et 1’Association des femmes autochtcnes du Canada.

Suite 5 une série d’audiences publiques au cours desquelles il

-avait entendu les témoignages de 27 groupes et associations, 1e

comité soumit son rapport 1e 22 septembre 1982. Ce rapport
recommanda que le gouvernement élimine la discrimination
sexuelle fondée sur l’article 12 (1) (b) de la Loi sur les
autochtcnes, selon lequel les femmes autochtcnes qui épousent
des non-autochtones sont dépossédées de leur statut ainsi que
de leur appartenance a leur bande natale. Le comité recommanda
qu’a 1’avenir aucun Indien ne perde son’statut en raison de
mariage, que les épouses non indiennes n’obtiennent pas le
statut par le_mariage et que les épouses non indiennes puissent
habiter les réserves telles que déterminées pas les bandes et
les lois. De plus, on recommanda la mise sur pied d’un
programme de rétablissement afin que ces femmes autochtcnes et
les enfants auxquels elles ont donné naissance puissent
recouvrer 1e statut.qu‘i1s ont perdu et réintégrer leurs
bandes.

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Le sous—comité recommanda aussi qu‘on élimine certaines autres
dispositions de la Loi sur les Indiens qui établissent une
discrimination contre les femmes, comme par exemple la
disposition qui décréte qu’a l’occasion de son mariage une
Indienne devienne automatiquement membre de la bande de son
époux. Le sous-comité recommanda en outre que le Parlement
affecte suffisamment de fonds pour que les Indiens rétablis
puissent bénéficier des services et programmes dont jouissent
aujourd’hui tous les Indiens officiellement reconnus comme tels
et qu’on mette d’autres ressources a leur disposition selon que

le besoin s’en fera sentir.

Le gouvernement fédéral étudie actuellement le rapport du sous-
comité, dont il a fait parvenir des copies a toutes les bandes
indiennes en les invitant a le commenter.

La maniére dont la Loi sur les Indiens
porte atteinte aux femmes

Le gouvernement fédéral reconnait que les Indiens du Canada
jouissent de droits spéciaux et qu’i1s ont droit d’entretenir
des relations particuliéres avec lui. Les critéres qui

déterminent cé qui constitue le statut d’Indien — et, par
conséquent, qui peut jouir des droits spéciaux qui sont les
leurs -— sont définis dans la Loi sur les Indiens. Cette loi

définit les Indiens en fonction de ceux qui ont le droit de
vivre dans les réserves et d’accéder aux fonds qui leur sont

réservés.

Tout membre d’une bande est indien et pratiquement tous ceux
qui sont indiens inscrits sont membres d’une bande. Seuls les
Indiens qui sont membres d’une bande déterminée ont le droit de
demeurer sur la réserve attribuée a cette bande et celui de
bénéficier de ses actifs immobiliers : ils peuvent participer
aux prises de décision relatives a ces actifs et voter en tant
que membres des institutions politiques de la bande a laquelle
ils appartiennent. Ainsi, les critéres d’admission a une
bande, tels que définis dans la Loi sur les Indiens, exercent
une grande influence sur la vie des autochtcnes.

Cinq des dispositions de la Loi sur les Indiens sont
considerées discriminatoires 5 l’égard des femmes indiennes.
Les effets s’en font sentir principalement dans les articles

qui suivent.

L’article 11 (1) (f) : le droit au statut d’Indien pour les
femmes non indiennes qui épousent des Indiens.

L’article 12 (1) (a) (iv) : la perte du statut d’Indien,
1orsqu‘ils atteignent l’age de 21 ans, par les épouses et les
enfants dont les méres et les grand—méres paternelles n’étaient

pas elles-memes indiennes de naissance.

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L’article 12 (1) (b) : la perte de statut des femmes indiennes
qui épousent des non—Indiens.

Les articles 109 (1) et (3) : la perte de statut pour les
épouses et les enfants mineurs au moment de l’ “ affran~_
chissement ” (c’est-e-dire l’abandon vclontaire de leur statut
de la famille d’un Indien chef de ménage.

Les articles 10 et 14 : la perte de 1’appartenance a sa bande
quand une Indienne epouse un homme qui n’appartient pas a cette
bands -— at cela. qu‘il soit indien on non.

Ces articles établissent une discrimination fondée sur le sexe
et le statut matrimonial car ils sont fonction d’une tradition
qui est a la fois patrilinéale et patrilocale. Patrilinéale
dans le sens que le statut d’une femme depend de celui de son-
pere ou de son époux : si une femme epouse un Indien, elle
devient Indienne quel qu’était son statut avant qu’elle se
marie. Les enfants ont eux aussi le statut de leur pere :

s’il est indien, ils le sont ; sinon, ils ne le sont pas. Il y
a trois exceptions 5 cette regle :

° Tout enfant illégitime d’une femme indienne est lui-meme
indien, sauf si les membres de sa bande s’objectent et
sont en mesure de prouver que le pere n’est pas indien.

°’ La deuxieme exception est connue sous le nom de ” clause
des deux meres ” (paragraphs 12 (1) (a) (iv)), voulant
que, lorsqu’un Indien atteint l’§ge de 21 ans, il perd le
droit d’etre considéré comme Indien si sa mere et sa
grand-mere paternelle n’étaient pas elles-memes indiennes
avant leur mariage. cet article fut introduit en 1951 par
suite des pressions exercées en vue de trancher dans un
sens ou dans l’autre la question des ” quarts-sang “,
quoiqu’il ne soit pas inspire de la notion veritable de

“quart-sang “.

° Les enfants illégitimes de peres ou de meres non indiens
n’ont pas le droit d’etre inscrits comme Indiens.

Le regime est patrilocal. attendu que le lieu de residence et
l°appartenance e une bande d’une femme dependent du lieu de
résidence et de l‘appartenance de son mari. Ainsi, une non-
Indienne qui epouse un Indien devient e1le—meme Indienne et,
par consequent, membre de la bande, ce qui lui confers le droit
de vivre au sein de cette bande et de participer a ses
activités. ‘Une femme indienne qui epouse un Indien membre
d’une bande autre que la sienna perd son appartenance A sa
bande natale et-devient membre de cells de son mari. Une
Indienne qui epouse un non-Indien perd son statut d’Indienne
ainsi que les droits qui découlent de son appartenance a sa

bande.
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Plusieurs bandes ont invoque certains articles de la loi en vue

~d’etre dispensees des dispositions discriminatoires de la Loi

sur les Indiens. En date du mois de fevrier 1983, 72 bande?“
avaient soumis des demandes d’exemption de l’article l2 (1) (b) :
de ce nombre, 65 ont fait l’objet d’arretes ministeriels et 64
de proclamations. En outre, 291 bandes ont demande qu’on les
exempte de la clause des deux meres ; 284 de ces demandes ont
fait l’objet d’arretes ministeriels et 283 de proclamations.

Historique

Les premieres lois sur les autochtcnes ne faisaient aucune
distinction entre hommes et femmes. Les predecesseurs des
articles 11 et 12 (l) (b) actuels n’ont ete inclus dans la
legislation pertinente qu’en 1869. ‘ ‘

Les revisions apportees a la loi par la suite s’avererent plus
restrictives. Bien que les criteres d’appartenance aient ete
conformes aux moeurs de l’epoque ou ils ont ete determines. ils
s’averent inacceptables a une epoque oh l’on prene l’egalite
devant la loi et le meme traitement pour tous les citoyens
independamment de leur sexe et de leur statut matrimonial.

La loi a done ete contestee devant les tribunaux et devant une
assemblee internationals. En 1970, Mme Jeannette Lavell,

une Ojibwa qui avait epouse un non-Indien, en appela en cour de
la decision de rayer son nom du registre des membres indiens en
invoquant que cette decision allait 5 l’encontre de la Charte
canadienne des droits et libertes. En 1973, la Cour supreme du
Canada, donnant_suite §‘plusieurs jugements des tribunaux de
premiere instance, decreta que la Charts canadienne des droits
et libertes ne s’appliquait pas a l’action de la Loi sur les
Indiens. L’article l2 (1) (b) fut juge valide en soi.

En 1977, Mme Sandra Lovelace, une Indienne qui avait perdu

son statut natal en epousant un non-Indien, presents une
communication aux Nations unies alleguant que le Canada violait
le Pacte international sur les droits civils et politiques par

.1’action de l’article 12 (l) (b) de la Loi sur les Indiens.

Le Comite des droits de la personne des Nations unies,
considerant que Mme Lovelace s’etait mariee avant que le
Canada ratifie le pacte, ne donna pas suite aux allegations de
Mme Lovelace relativement e l’article 12 (1) (b).

Toutefois le comite, dans la decision qu’il rendit en juillet
1981, decreta que compte tenu des effets a long terme sur le
mariage de Mme Lovelace, le Canada avait enfreint

l’article 27 du pacte (les droits des minorites) etant donne
que Mme Lovelace n’avait pas droit de cite dans sa bande
natale et se voyait privee de la jouissance de sa vie
communautaire et culturelle. –

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Dans un cas de date plus recente, Mme Paula Sappier Sissons

a fonde sa communication aux Nations unies sur la meme
affirmation que Mme Lovelace. avec cette difference que

Mme Sissons s’etait mariee apres 1979, subsequemment a la
ratification du pacte par le Canada. Le Comite des droits de
la personne sera donc en mesure de determiner si oui ou non
l’article 12 (1) (b) va a l‘encontre de l’engagement-qu’a pris
le Canada de s’abstenir de toute discrimination fondee sur le

sexe.

En juillet 1980, les deputes feminine de tous les partis
politiques a la Chambre des communes se sont liguees pour la
premiere fois en vue de soumettre une declaration pressant le
gouvernement de mener immediatement a bonne fin les –
negociations avec tous les organismes et bandes indiennes a
travers le Canada pour amender la Loi sur les Indiens en vue de
garantir aux femmes autochtcnes etfe leurs enfants le plein
statut ainsi que tous leurs droits au Canada.

En depit de l’article 15 de la Charte des droits et libertes,
le Comite inuit sur les questions nationales et le Conseil
autochtone du Canada s’accordent pour dire qu’il faudrait une
reconnaissance officielle dans la Constitution que les droits
autochtcnes s’appliquent egalement aux femmes et aux hommes.

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Fevrier 1983

ORGANISATIONS AUTOCHTONES AU CANADA

Il.existe plusieurs associations nationales, provinciales et
territoriales qui representent les autochtcnes et leurs
interets (voir l‘appendice A). Le developpement de ces
associations dans les dernieres dix annees a permis aux
autochtcnes d’avoir plus largement acces 3 tous les niveaux de
la structure politique canadienne. Ces associations jouissent
de fonds reguliers en provenance du gouvernement federal pour.
l’administration de base, la recherche sur les revendications
territoriales, les negociations, la recherche sur la Loi sur
les Indiens et le fonctionnement de certains programmes. Ils

recoivent egalement des subventions particuliéres pour les
activites reliees au mecanisme constitutionnel. Ces ‘
associations font regulierement office de plaideurs aupres de
tous les niveaux gouvernementaux au nom de chaque bande. Le
premier ministre a invite trois organisations nationales a
prendre part a la Conference des premiers ministres. I1 s’agit

de :
I) L’Assemb1ee des premieres nations

C’est la plus importante association d’Indiens
inscrits.‘ Elle agit au niveau national en vue de
representer les bandes indiennes du Canada. L’APN a
ete officiellement constituee a la rencontre des
chefs indiens qui s’est deroulee a Penticton
(Colombie-Britannique) en avril 1982. Elle devait_
alors remplacer l’ancienne organisation indienne
appelee la Fraternite indienne nationals.

II) Le Comite inuit sur les questions nationales

Cette organisation a ete constituee 3 la rencontre
generale des Inuits Tapirisat du Canada en 1979 en
vue de s’occuper de la situation constitutionnelle
des Inuits. Les Inuits Tapirisat representent les
membres de cette communaute canadienne par le biais
de sept associations regionales.

III) Le Conseil des autochtcnes

Le Conseil des autochtcnes du Canada a ete mis sur
pied en 1970 pour servir de porte-parole aux Metis
et aux Indiens non inscrits du Canada. Chaque
association membre determine ses propres criteres
d’admissibilite. Le but general du conseil est

/‘V- I- __ .11?! d’encouraqer la participation entiere des Metis et

APPENDICE A

ORGANISATIONS AUTOCHTONES DU CANADA

Associations indiennes (nationales/provinciales/
territoriales)

Associations autochtcnes (nationales/provinciales/
territoriales)

Associations inuites (nationales/provinciales/
territoriales)

Associations de femmes autochtcnes (nationales/
provinciales/territoriales)

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A§SOCIATIONS INDIENNES

NATIONAL§§
Assembles des premieres President Dave Ahenakew
nations
222, rue Queen _ Telex 053-3202
Bureau 500 Telephone (613) 236-0673

Ottawa (Ontario)

KlP 5V9
PROVINCIALBS ET TERRITORIAL§§

Alberta

Association indienne de President Charles wood
l’Alberta –
203-11710, avenue Kingsway Telex 037-3735-
Edmonton (Alberta) Telephone (403) 452-7221
TSG OX5 . –
Colombie-Britannique

Union des chefs indiens de President Robert Manuel

’ 045~4220

la Colombie-Britannique. Telex
(604) 684~023l

440, rue West Hastings _ Telephone
Vancouver (Colombie-Britannique)
V68 lLl

Manitoba

Confederation des quatre Coordonnateur Larry Starr

nations

274, rue Garry Telex .07-S5238
Winnipeg (Manitoba) Telephone (204) 944-8245
R3C lH3 A

Keewatinowi et Okimakanak du Responsables Chef Joe G. Wood
Manitoba (204) 462-2106
145-74, chemin Caribou Chef Robert Wavey

Thompson (Manitoba) (204) 652-2219
R8N 0L3 Chef Maggie Balfour

(204) 359-6616
Chef Charles Constant
(204) 623-5483

Nouveau-Brunswigg

Union des Indiens du Nouveau- President Graydon Nicholas
Brunswick Telex 014-46185

35, rue Dedam _ Telephone (506) 472-6281
Fredericton (Nouveau-Brunswick)

EBA 2V2 – – –

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Territoires du Nord-Ouest

Nation Dene President Georges Erasmus
CP 2338 Telex 034-45556
Yellowknife (TN-O) ‘ Telephone (403) 873-4081
XOE 1H0

Nouvelle-ficosse

Union des’Indiens de President Noel Doucette
Nouvelle-Ecosse Telex 019-35274

CP 961 , Telephone ‘(902) 539-4107
Shubenacadie (Nouvelle—Ecosse) (902) 539~4230
BlP 6J4 –
Ontario

Association des Iroquois President Gordon Peters
et Indiens allies ~ Telex 064-7101

920, chemin Commissioners Est Telephone (519) 681-3551
London (Ontario) ‘

NSZ 3J1

Chefs de l’Ontario Directeur administratif Ava Sutherland
1411-2, rue Carlton ” Telex 06-23877
Toronto (Ontario) Telephone (416) 596-0618
MSB 1J3 :
Traite du Grand Conseil Grand Chef John Kelly

n? 3 Telex . 075-92513

CP 1720 Telephone~ (807) 548-4214
Kenora (Ontario) _ (807) 543*4215
P9N 3×7 –
Nation Nishnawbe-Aski President Wally McKay
71, 139 Avenue Telex 067-81595
Timmins (Ontario) Telephone (705) 267-7911
P4N 1C2

Union des Indiens de l’Ontario President Joe Miskokamon
27, rue Queen Est, 29 etage Telex 06-22710
Toronto (Ontario) Telephone (416) 366-3527
MSC lR2

£le—du-Princejédouard

Bande Abegweit President Chef James Sark
cp 220 A , Telex CNCP 111
Cornwall (I-P~E) Telephone (902) 675-3842
COA 1H0

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Bande de Lennoxfilslgnd
Lennox Island (I—P-E)
COB lP0

Quebec

La Confederation des Indiens
du Quebec

CP 810

Kahnawake (Quebec)

JOL lB0

Conseil Attikamek-Montagnais
Boulevard Bastien

Village des Hurons

Lorette (Quebec)

GOA 4V0

Le Grand Conseil des Cris
1500, chemin Sullivan
Val-d’Or (Quebec)

J9P‘lM1

Saskatchewan

Federation de la nation
indienne de Saskatchewan
lL00, lere Avenue Est
Prince Albert (Saskatchewan)
S6V 2A7

Yukon

Conseil pour les Indiens du
Yukon –

22, promenade Nisutlin
Whitehorse (Yukon)

YlA 2S5

et

151, rue Slater.

Ottawa (Ontario)

KlP 5H3

IHEJ

President
Telex
Telephone

President
Telex
Telephone

President

Telephone

Grand Chef

Telephone

President
Telex
Telephone

President

Telex
Telephone

Gestionnaire
Telephone

Chef Jack Sark
CNCP lll

(902) 831-2779
(902) 882-2002

Joe Stacey
05-24574
(514) 632-7321

Rene Simon

(418) 842-0277

Billy Diamond
(819) 825-3402

Sol Sanderson
074-29228
(306) 764-3411
Saskatoon
665-7781
Regina
949-5666

Sinco
665-0911

Harry Allen

036-8346
(403) 667-7631

Melody Morrisson
(613) 236-9844

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Terre-Neuve
Ktaqmkukewey Mi’Knawey President Calvin White
Saqmawuti Telex. CNCP lll

(Gouvernement indien de
Terre-Neuve)

Conne River . ‘
Bay d’Espoir (Terre—Neuve)
AOH 1J0

Telephone (709) 832-2303

ASSOCIATIONS AUTOCHTONES

NATIONALES

Conseil autochtone du Canada President Louis Bryere
170, avenue Laurier Ouest Telex 053-3301

59 etage ‘Telephone (613) 238-3511
Ottawa (Ontario)’ –

KlP SVS ”

PROVINCIALES ET TERRITORIALES
Alberta

Association Metis de l’Alberta President Sam Sinclair

12750, 1279 rue . ‘
Edmonton (Alberta) Telephone (403) 452-9550

T5L.lA5
Colombie-Britannique

Nations autochtcnes unies President Bob Warren

240-2609, rue Granville .
Vancouver (C-B) Telephone (604) 732a3726

V6H 3H3

Manitoba

Federation des Metis du President Don Mclvor
Manitoba

211, avenue Portage Telephone (204) 956~2070
Piece 100

Winnipeg (Manitoba)
R3B 2A2

Nouveau-Brunswick

Association des Metis et des President Gary Gould
Indiens non inscrits du Telex O14-46139
Nouveau-Brunswick Telephone (506) 455-4370
390, rue King

Fredericton (N-B)

E38 1E3

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Yukon

Conseil pour les Indiens du President Harry Allen
Yukon* .
Telex 036-8346

22, promenade Nisutlin
Whitehorse (Yukon) Telephone‘ (403) 667-7631

YlA 3S5

SE.
151, rue Slater
Bureau 702

Gestionnaire Melody Morrisson

Ottawa (Ontario) Telephone (613) 246-9844
KlP 5H3 –

* Represents 1’union de l’Association du Yukon pour
les Indiens non inscrits et la Fraternite des
autochtcnes du Yukon. On peut rejoindre les deux
associations 3 1’adresse et au numero de telephone
ci-dessus.

Independantes

Association des Metis et President Paul Paradis
des Indiens hors reserve

incorporee Telephone (418) 275-0198

2023, boul. de l’Anse
Roberval (Quebec)

G8H 2N1

Fraternite des autochtones President

de Colombie-Britannique

193, rue Hastings Est Telephone (604) 685-2255

517, edifice Ford~
Vancouver (C-B)

V6A 1N7
ASSOCIATIONS INUITES
NATIONALES

‘Inuit Tapirisat du Canada President John Amagoalik
176, rue Gloucester
39 etage Telephone (613) 238-8181
Ottawa (Ontario)
K2P 0A6

ou

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Frobisher Bay (TN-O)
XOA 0H0

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PROVINCIALES ET TERRITORIALES

Association des Inuits de
la region de Baffin

CP 219

Frobisher Bay (TN-O)

XOA 0H0

Committee for Original
People’s Entitlement
(COPE)

CP 2000

Inuvik (TN-O)

XOE 0T0‘

Institut culturel inuite
Eskimo Point (TN-O)
XOC 0E0

Association des Inuits
Keewatin

Rankin Inlet (TN-O)
XOL 0G0

Association des Inuits
Kitikmeot

CP 88 .

Cambridge Bay (TN-O)
XlE 1C0

Association des Inuits du
Labrador

CP 70

Nain (Labrador)

AOP 1L0

Corporation Makivik
CP 179
Fort Chimo (Quebec)
JOM 1C0

23 .
4898, boul. Maisonneuve Ouest
Montreal (Quebec)
H3Z 1M8

Corporation du developpement
Inuit

280, rue Albert

Bureau 902

Ottawa (Ontario)

K1P 5G8

President

Telephone

President

Telephone

President
Telephone

President

Telephone

President
Telephone
President
Telephone

President

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

(819) 979-5391

Peter Green

(403) 979-3510

Thomas Kutluk
(819) 857-2085

Peter Ernerk

(819) 645-2800

Bob Kadlun
(403) 983-2458
Fran Williams
(709) 922-2942

Mary Simon

(819) 964-2925

(514) 483-2780

(613) 238-4981

./Q

… __. an “=5. .§=; .4 :1 I. __ _

46

sssev

A. *~

– 9 _
Inuit Tunganingat President ‘ Quppaqtayarak
Numamini . ‘
Sugluk (Quebec) Telephone 8800
JOM 1C0

(ASSOCIATION DES FEMMES AUTOCHTONES DU CANADA – CONSEIL NATIONAL

Jane Gottfriedson Presidents

Ksremeos (C-B)

Premiere vice-
presidents

Clara Gloade ,
Truro (Nouvells Ecosse)

Marian Sheldon Seconds vice-

Whitehorse (Yukon) presidents

Grace Menard Tresoriers :
Winnipeg (Manitoba)

Agnes Mills Secretaire

Ottawa (Ontario)

Dianna Lazore Dirsctrice –
Ottawa (Ontario) administrative

‘PROVINCIALES ET TERRITORIALES

ORGANISATIONS DES FEMMES AUTOCHTONES

Association des femmes Presidents Darliea Slausnwhits
autochtcnes de Nouvslle-Ecosse

Barss Corner _ Telephone (902) 895-1523′
Lunenburg Co. (N-E) (902) 895-1524

BOR 1A0

Conseil des femmes autochtcnes

du Nouveau-Brunswick

65, rue Brunswick Telephone (506) 454-1518 .

Piece 258
Fredericton (Nouveau-Brunswick)

Association des femmes Presidents Evelyn O’Bomsawin
autochtcnes du Quebec Bouchsrvills (Quebec)
1600, rue Barry Telephone (514) 844-9618

Bureau 288 (514) 844-7777

Montreal (Quebec)
H2L 4E4

‘I-4.

Association des femmes
autochtones de l’Ontario
278, rue Bay

Thunder Bay (Ontario)
P7B 1R8

Association des femmes metis

du Manitoba

801-228, avenue Notre-Dame

Winnipeg (Manitoba)
R3B 1N7

Association des femmes

autochtcnes de la Saskatchewan

1102, rue Angus
Regina (Saskatchewan)
S4T 1Y5

Association des femmes
autochtcnes d’Alberta.
10176, 1179 Rue
Edmonton (Alberta)

TSK 1X3 ~

Association des femmes
autochtcnes de Colombie-
Britannique

116, rue Seymour
Kamloops (C-B)

V2C 2E1

Association des femmes
autochtcnes du TN-O

CP 2321

Yellowknife (TN-O)

XOE 1H0

Association des femmes
indiennes du Yukon

22, promenade Nisutlin
Whitehorse (Yukon)

YlA 385

-10..

Presidents

Telephone

Presidents

Telephone

Presidents

Telephone

Presidents

Telephone

Presidents

Telephone

Presidents

Telephone

(Presidents

Telephone

Donna Phillips
London (Ontario)
(807) 345-9821

Grace Zoldy

(204) 943-0057

Georgina Fisher

(306) 527-1648

Ruth Gladue

(403) 488-9623

~ Mildred Gottfriedson

(604) 374-9412

Bertha Allen
Inuvik (TN-O).
(403) 873-5509

Marion Sheldon

(403) 668-4616

.. ea .__=4__..:4.=; 4 _ =1 1. i_ _

.1. .,.xL1LL|l|ll. ll. ,,

Fevrier 1983

LES PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES ET LA CONSTITUTION

Juin 1978

Janvier 1979

5-6 fevrier 1979

29 avril 1980

(W… __ .. ,]!’J

CHRONOLOGIE DES EVENEMENTS

Presentation par le gouvernement
federal du projet de loi C-60 sur les
modifications 5 la Constitution st
publication d’un document de travail,
le temps d’agir, od l’on propose une
etude des questions autochtcnes.

Le premier ministre Trudeau invite
trois organisations autochtcnes 5
envoyer des observatsurs 5 la
deuxieme conference des premiers
ministres sur la Constitution qui
doit ss tenir en fevrier.

Fort de l’appui de plusieurs premiers
ministres provinciaux, le premier
ministre suggere que les leaders
autochtcnes rencontrent un groups de
ministres provinciaux et federaux

ou encore les premiers ministres des
provinces (ou les deux) afin ds leur
fairs connaitre leurs preoccupations
les participants 5 la conference sont
d’accord. Tout au long ds cs
dialogue sur la Constitution, les
gouvernemsnts federal st provinciaux
conviennent ds mettre 5 l’ordre du
jour la question des ” Psuples
autochtcnes du Canada et la
Constitution “. On decide aussi de
favoriser le plus possible la
participation des autochtcnes 5 ces.

deliberations.

Lors d’une conference nationals des
chefs indiens 5 Ottawa, le premier
ministre Trudeau reaffirms : ” Vous
continusrsz 5 participer aux
deliberations sur les changements
constitutionnels qui vous touchent
directement “. Et il ajouts que du
point de vue federal, ces
deliberations toucheront 5 ” des
questions comme les droits aborigenes
st ceux qui decoulent des traites,

0
I

HI: | in Lxlim nu

9 juin 1980

Aofit 1980

8-12 septembre

Decembre 1980

l’autonomie autochtone interns, la
representation autochtone au sein des
institutions politiques comme le
Parlemsnt et les responsabilites des
gouvernemsnts federal st provinciaux‘
touchant la prestation de services
aux autochtcnes “. Ce jour-15, le
premier ministre annongait que le
gouvernement accorderait une aide‘
financiers aux associations
nationales autochtcnes afin d’appuyer
leurs travaux sur la Constitution.

Rencontre des premiers ministres 5
Ottawa. Le gouvernement federal
propose que les dirigsants
autochtcnes participsnt aux
deliberations sur les ” Psuples
autochtcnes du Canada et la
Constitution “, ou il sera question
des changements constitutionnsls
touchent directement les peuples
autochtcnes.

En preparation 5 la rencontre de
septembre sur la Constitution, qui
doit reunir les premiers ministres,
la Fraternite des Indiens du Canada,
ls Conseil national des autochtcnes
du Canada st ls Comite des Inuits sur
les questions d’interet national
rencontrent les membres du sous-
comite du Comite permanent des
ministres sur les questions
constitutionnellss.

Rencontre des premiers ministres.
Les representants de trois
organisations autochtcnes sont
presents A titre d’obssrvateurs.
Aucune discussion d’importance ns
porte sur les questions autochtcnes.

Avsc l’appui de 14 organisations
provinciales st regionales d’Indiens,
ds Metis st d’Inuits, ls Conseil
national des autochtcnes du Canada
(le 12 decembre) st la Fraternite des
Indiens du Canada (16 decembre) font
une presentation devant ls Comite
conjoint sur la Constitution.

Ifi

lit] I in UNA“! Hi nu

i in hlluli. illlll. um . ,.

13 fevrier 1980

Article 25

Article 34

Article 36(2)

Article 55(c)

5 novembrs 1981

26 novembrs 1981

17 avril 1982

22 juin 1982

14 octobre 1982

Le comite conjoint presents son
rapport 5 la Chambre des communes.
Dans cs rapport, on trouve des
recommendations precises sur les
points suivants :

Les droits st libertes des
autochtcnes auxquels la charts ne
s’applique pas.

Les droits des peuples autochtcnes du

Canada.

La participation.des peuples
autochtcnes aux conferences
constitutionnellss.

Les uestions necsssitant des
modifications conformement aux
procedures generales de
modification.

Le gouvernement federal st les
provinces acceptent de retirer
l’article sur les droits aborigenes
st les droits issus de traites.-

Les gouvernemsnts federal st
provinciaux introduisent l’article
concernant les droits ” existants “,
ancestraux ou issus de traites, des

peuples autochtcnes.

Proclamation de la Loi
constitutionnelle.

Le premier ministre rencontre
separement trois organisations
autochtcnes au sujet des reunions
preparatoires 5 la Conference des
premiers ministres ds mars 1983.

Reunion du comite plenier 5 Winnipeg
en vue ds msttre sur pied les-groupes
de travail.

lll

iii

“In

I L 4 Mn s in ..M1.i|IIlL

4-5 novembre 1982

. 8-9 decsmbre 1982

31 janvisr-

‘let fevrier 1983

28 fevrier –
ler mars 1983

15-16 mars 1983

Reunion du comite plenier 5 Ottawa.

Reunion du comite plenier 5 Montreal
en vue d’etudier les resultats des
deliberations du groupe de travail.

Reunion 5 Ottawa des dirigsants de
trois organisations nationales
autochtcnes avec des ministres des
provinces et des territoires st avec
trois ministres federaux : ls
ministre de la Justice, ls ministre
des Affaires indiennes st du Nord
canadien et le ministre d’Etat au
Developpement social.

A Ottawa, deuxieme reunion au niveau
ministeriel.

Conference des premiers ministres 5
Ottawa.

“ll In MILML HIIIL un_1‘

|.l1|

‘ f‘Cr’§§’§

Février 1983

L’ADMINISTRATION DES AFFAIRES INDIENNES AU CANADA

1755

1782

1796

1800

1816

1828

1830

.]!fl’

UNE CHRONOLOGIE

Nomination par le roi George III de
Sir William Johnson au poste de
surintendant des Affaires indiennes,
district du Nord.

Sir John Johnson est nommé par la
Couronne britannique au poste de
surintendant des Affaires indiennes
avec le nouveau titre de surintendant
général des affaires indiennes et’ ‘
inspecteur général du département
ministériel des Affaires indiennes.

Délégation de la responsabilité des
Affaires indiennes pour le Haut—
Canada au lieutenant-gouverneur.

Délégation de la responsabilité des
Affaires indiennes pour le Bas-Canada
au gouverneur general de l’Amérique
du nord britannique (Canada), nommé
par la Couronne;

Transfert de la responsabilite des
Affaires indiennes dans le Haut et le
Bas-Canada au commandant des forces

armées.

Suppression du poste de surintendant
général des Affaires indiennes et
d’inspecteur general du département
des Affaires indiennes. Creation du
poste de surintendant en chef des
Affaires indiennes.

‘Division du département ministériel

des Affaires indiennes en deux
bureaux. Le lieutenant-gouverneur du
Haut~Canada recoit l’autorité supréme
en ce domaine pour sa section, tandis
que pour le Bas-Canada, cette
autorité demeure la responsabilité du
secrétaire aux Affaires militaires.
C’est egalement a cette époque qu’on
établit le systéme des reserves dans

3*
2

‘.11.: Mn 1 In

H n.,t.L, i.nLLh£.llIll.,

1841

1844

1860

1867

1873

1875

Lors de i’Union de 1841, les deux
bureaux du departement ministerial
sont fusionnes et places sous
l’autorite du gouverneur general.

A la suite d’une recommendation faite
en 1842 par la Commission d’enquete
sur le departement des Affaires
indiennes, on entreprend une
reorganisation complete de ce
ministere du gouvernement
britannique. Le secretaire aux
affaires civiles est nomme au poste
de surintendant general des Affaires
indiennes et le poste de surintendant

en chef est supprime.

Les Affaires indiennes cessent de
relever de l‘autorite imperiale et
sont confiees 5 la province du
Canada. Le ministers des Terres de
la Couronne du gouvernement de la
province unie du Canada prend en
charge les Affaires indiennes et le
commissaire devient surintendant en

chef.

Lors de la Confederation, l’autorite
legislative sur les ” Indiens et les
terres reservees aux Indiens “ est
confiee au gouvernement federal qui
en delegue la responsabilite au
ministers du Secretariat d’Etat pour
les provinces. Le secretaire d’Etat
devient surintendant general des
Affaires indiennes.

Creation du ministere de l‘Interieur
qui comprend une Direction des
affaires indiennes. Creation d’un
conseil de commissaires charges
d’administrer les Affaires indiennes
au Manitoba, en Colombie-britannique
et dans les Territoires du Nord-
Ouest.

Suppression des conseils des Affaires
indiennes et creation d’un systeme de
surintendants et d’agents. Les
surintendances de Victoria, de
Fraser, du Manitoba et du Nord-Ouest

remontent a cette epoque. –

…/3

“=5.” L1,…

{L1 I in IJNLHI mm. a:

IL

1876

1880

1894

1897

1902

l909

1912

1924

in… .. .. ,1-.~.-.-

Promulgation de la Loi sur les
Indiens qui constitue un remaniement
et une fusion de toutes les lois
precedentes concernant les Indiens
des territoires et ds toutes les

provinces existantes. Creation d’un

conseil de commissaires des reserves
charge de regler la question des
reserves indiennes en Colombie-
Britannique.

Formation d’un ministers autonome
pour les Affaires indiennes. Le
ministre de l’Interieur demeurs
cependant surintendant general des
Affaires indiennes st prend la
direction du nouveau ministers.

Creation d’une Direction autonome de
l’enseignement dans le cadre d’un
effort general pour ameliorer les
services d’enseignement offerts aux
Indiens du Canada.

Nomination de M. James A. Smart au
posts de surintendant adjoint des
Affaires indiennes. fl sntrsprend
une reorganisation generale de ce
ministers.

Nomination ds M. Frank Pedley au
posts de surintendant adjoint des
Affaires indiennes, cs qui met fin au
systems voulant que cs posts soit
occupe par ls sous-ministre de
l’Interieur.

M. Frank Pedley sntrsprend la
reorganisation du ministers. Il
etablit plusieurs nouvsllss
directions dans le but de repondrs
aux nouvelles exigences d’un
ministers en expansion.

Institution d’une Commission royals
d’enquete sur les Affaires indiennes
en Colombie~Britanniqus.

Modification de la Loi sur les
Indiens. Les Inuits relevsnt

desormais du surintendant general des

In I Jr milk“! “I n: a

1929

1936

1945

1949

1951

1960

1964

Conclusion d’un accord au sujet des
terres indiennes du Manitoba, ds la
Saskatchewan st de l’Alberta. Cet
accord stipule que les terres des
reserves demeursront sous l’autorite
federals lorsque ces provinces de
l’Ousst prendront en main leurs
rsssources naturelles.

Le ministers des Affaires indiennes
devient une direction du ministers
des Mines et Rsssourcss. La
direction des Affaires indiennes est
confiee au Dr H.W. McGi1l.

Les services ds sante pour les
Indiens quittsnt ls ministers des
Mines et des Ressources st passent au
ministers de la Sante nationals et du
Bien—Etrs social. Les services de
sante pour les Inuits sont egalement
confies 5 cs ministers st ne relevsnt
plus de la Division des territoires
du Nord-Ouest de la Direction des
terres, pares st forets.

La Direction des Affaires indiennes
passe au ministers de la Citoyennete
et de l’Immigration. .

Promulgation d’une nouvelle Loi sur
les Indiens a la suite d’une etude
approfondie effsctuee par une
commission mixts specials du Senat st
ds la Chambre des communes (1946 a

1948).

Creation d’une nouvelle region
administrative, ls district de
Mackenzie, dont ls siege est situe a
Fort Smith, dans les Territoirss du

Nord-Ouest.

Le directeur de la Direction des
Affaires indiennes accede au rang de
sous-ministre adjoint (Affaires
indiennes) au ministers de la
Citoyennste st de l’Immigration. Uns
conference des ministres provinciaux
st federaux a lieu 3 Ottawa.

…/5

1|\

H1“ : In LxI1u1l 111 :s‘ .

I

11:1 J1. Lalluh. 111 nu.

1965

1966

1969

1973

1974

1975

‘llol

La Direction des Affaires indiennes
passe au ministers des Affaires du
Nord et des Ressources nationales.

Creation de l’actuel ministers des
Affaires indiennes st du Nord
canadien.

Publication du livre blanc sur la
politique du gouvernement concernant
les Indiens. Nomination par le
ministre des Affaires indiennes et du
Nord d’un commissaire charge de
s’occuper des revendications des

Indiens.

Publication par le gouvernement
federal d’un enonce de politique sur
les revendications tsrritoriales des
autochtcnes, intitule Declaration au
sujet des revendications des Indiens
et des Inuits.

Le ministers met sur pied le Bureau
des revendications des autochtcnes.

Uns entente est conclue entre la
Fratsrnite des Indiens du Canada et
un comite du Cabinet federal au sujet
de la mise sur pied d’un mecanisme de
consultation suivie sur toutes les
questions touchant les Indiens.
Institution d’une Commission sur les
droits des Indiens du Canada.
Signature du premier reglsment global
portant sur les revendications
tsrritoriales des autochtcnes. Les
signataires sont les Indiens Cris de
la bais James, les Inuits du nord du
Quebec, la province de Quebec et le
gouvernement du Canada.” Le comite
forme ds membres du Cabinet et de la
Fraternite des Indiens du Canada
tient des reunions entre l’automne
1975 st 1977. A peu pres au meme
moment, formation d’un comite compose
de membres du Cabinet et de membres
du Conseil national des autochtones
du Canada. Ce comite se reunit
regulierement.

;_ ,.: 43:: :1 _ :2 _ _._ _

11‘

1 L I 11“ Jh him“! din‘ a

1976

1980

1981

1982

Publication d’un document intitule
Nouvellss relations entre ls
gouvernement federal st les Indiens
dans lequel ls ministers enonce une
politique qui vise 5 encourager la
participation des interesses a
l’elaboration des politiques et des
programmes.

Publication par ls ministers d’un
rapport intitule Les Indiens :
situation actuells ofi l’on constats
que malgre les ameliorations
apportees dans des domainss comme ls
developpement economiqus st
politique, les Indiens continusnt a
etre confrontes a ds graves
problemes.

Publication par le ministers d’une
brochure intitules En touts justice
ofi il est question de la politique du
gouvernement au sujet des reglsmsnts
globaux des revendications des
autochtcnes.

Dans une publication intitules
Dossier en souffrancs, ls
gouvernement enonce une nouvelle
politique sur la question des
revendications particulieres.

-Proclamation de la Loi

constitutionnslle qEi_rsconnait st
confirms les droits existants, _
ancestraux ou issus ds traites, des
peuples autochtones du Canada.

=——: _

5… _._:

._

Fevrier 1983

PROGRAMQES ET SERVICES DU GOUVERNEMENT FEDERAL
A L’INTENTION DES PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES

Ls gouvernement du Canada offrs divers services aux peuples
autochtcnes dans les domainss comme ls logemsnt et les
infrastructures communautaires, l’education, la sante, ls
developpement culturel, ls gouvernement des bandes et les

services sociaux.

Les programmes 3 l’intention des autochtcnes sont de deux
ordres : univsrssl st particulier. Les programmes univsrssls
sont ceux qui, comme les allocations familiales, les pensions
de visillssss st l’assurance-chdmage, sont destines a tous les
Canadisns admissibles. Ces programmes sont ” non
discretionnairss ” en ce sens que la substance et les niveaux
des services offsrts sont sxplicites dans une loi quslconqus.

Les programmes dits particuliers aux autochtonss sont ceux qui
leur sont particuliersment ou principalemsnt destines, ainsi
que ceux dont les principaux beneficiairss sont des
autochtcnes. La plupart des programmes ds cet ordre sont

” discretionnairss ” puisqus la substance et les niveaux des
services offsrts sont determines par ls Cabinet federal, et non

~par legislation specials. Plusieurs des programmes

particuliers aux autochtones, surtout ceux qui touchent les
Indiens inscrits et les Inuits, dispensent des services
fondamsntaux st essentisls comme ls logemsnt, l’education et la

sante.

Les affectations du gouvernement federal aux programmes
particuliers pour les autochtcnes lors de l’exercics 1982-1983
se chiffrent 3 environ l 950 millions ds dollars, repartis
entre l5 ministerss federaux. Le ministers des Affaires
indiennes st du Nord recoit 74 pour cent des affectations

globalss.
Millions ds $

Ministers

Affaires indiennes st du Nord 1 435,1
Sante st Bien-etrs social 238,9
Emploi st Immigration 94,5
Expansion econgmique regionale 38,5
Secretariat d’Etat 32,8
Societe d’hypothequss st ds logemsnt 37,1
Tous les autrss ministeres st organismes (9) 73,9

1 950,8

/ r)

mu.

1. 1 Mn } in LIME imflh

II. I II IMILII Illlll. III ..I ..

1 L I

Le gouvernement federal a une responsabilite particuliers
envers les Indiens inscrits (ceux qui sont inscrits, ou ont ls
droit ds ss fairs inscrirs a titre d’Indiens aux termes de la
Loi sur les Indiens), ainsi qu’envers les Inuits, auxqusls il
dispense divers services essentisls, surtout quand ls besoin
est explicite dans un traite ou quelque autre document
impliquant une obligation legals, comme la Loi sur les Indiens.
En consequence, la plus grands part des depensss du
gouvernement federal est canalises vsrs les Indiens inscrits et

les Inuits.

Affsctations globalss du gouvernement federal
aux groupes autochtonss en 1982-1983
(en millions de S)

Groups autochtone Au sud du 60° Au nord du 60° Eggs;
Indiens inscrits l 492 $ 90 S l 582 $
Inuits l9 144 1631
Metis st

Indiens non inscrits 32 48 80
Groupss non precises 50 – 50

l 593 $ 282 $ 1 875 $*

* Cs tableau a ete elabore a partir d’une etude anterieure
moins detailles a cells d’oD a ete tire ls premier tableau.

Les services aux Indiens inscrits

Les affectations dirsctes du gouvernement federal aux Indiens
inscrits couvrent les services d’education, 1’assistancs

I socials, les soins ds sante communautaires et les programmes

d’aids economique. La plupart des programmes federaux touchent

-les Indiens inscrits residant dans les reserves. Actusllement,

les affections du gouvernement federal aux Indiens inscrits
resident dans des reserves se chiffrsnt 3 environ 6 330 $ par

individu.

…/3

IL “I

Hi: I III. Idlull.

HI. 5 in IIIILMI Em 1|“.

Affsctations du gouvernement federal
aux Indiens inscrits vivant au sud ds 60° nord

(part categorie de programme, 1982-1983)

Categorie Millions de $ Pourcentags
Education 436,0 29,2
Services sociaux 270,5 18,1
Sante 204,9 13,7
Culture 18,9 ’ 1,3
Justice 2,0 4 0,1
Logsment st

infrastructures communautaires 215,4 14,4
Emploi st

developpement economique 123,5 8,3
Gouvernsmsnt des bandes 67,8 4,5
Divers 8 47,7 3,2
Frais d’administration l05,3 7,1
total 1 492 $ 100 %

Les bandes touchess par les programmes subventionnes par ls
gouvernement administrent elles-memes l‘equivalent de la moitie

ds chaque dollar.

Les services aux Indiens inscrits
vivant 3 l’sxterisur de leur reserve

Depuis ls milieu des anness l960, ls nombre d’Indiens inscrits
vivant a l’sxterisur ds leur reserve a augmente de 42 000 qu’il
etait en 1966 3 93 000 -~ soit 29 pour cent de tous les Indiens
inscrits -— en 1980. Cetts emigration a ete la plus marques
dans les grands st moysns centres de population de l’Ousst,
surtout a Winnipeg, Regina st Vancouver.

Des complications sont survenues dans ls mods d’administration
des services aux Indiens inscrits vivant a l’sxterisur ds leur
reserve. Les services ds sante, par sxempls, sont dispenses
d’offics par les provinces aux Indiens au meme titre qu’e tous
les citoysns. Toutefois, dans csrtainss provinces les Indiens,
n’ont droit a l’assistancs st aux soins a leurs snfants qu’au
terms de l2 mois de residence ininterrompue hors ds leur

reserve.

…/4

11.:

.3

3::

.3. 5….

_,. _

_

.2

_;

“I n :‘

L.nUh EIIIIL

Les Indiens inscrits qui veulent obtenir quelque service a
1’extérieur de leur reserve sont confrontes a des difficultés
et il arrive souvent que les services disponibles ne
correspondent pas 3 leurs besoins. Les Indiens qui quittent
leur réserve pour un temps limité doivent recourir 3 la fois a
des agences fédérales et provinciales quand ils cherchent a

obtenir divers services.

Les services aux Métis
et aux Indiens non inscrits

Les Métis et les Indiens non inscrits ne sont pas considérés
comme Indiens tels que les définit la Loi sur les Indiens.
Jusqu’a une date relativement recente, en régle générale, ils
n’ont eu accés qu’aux services dispenses a tous les citoyens.
Depuis une vingtaine d’années cependant, a cause de leurs
besoins particuliers, divers programmes ont été mis sur pied au
profit des Metis et des Indiens non inscrits.

‘Société d’hypothéques – Logements ruraux_et

et de logement logements pour les
autochtcnes

Emploi et Immigration – Formation 3 1’emp1oi,

creation d’emp1ois et
developpement du marché du
travail

Santé et Bien-étre social ~ Programme national de lutte
contre l’abus de 1’alcoo1

chez les autochtcnes

Expansion économique régionale – L’Administration du
rétablissement agricole et

1’Entente sur les terres du
Nord

Secretariat d’§tat – Programme des citoyens
~ autochtcnes

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Les services aux Inuits

La plupart des services accessibles aux Inuits de la region de
1’Arctique sont dispenses par le gouvernement des Territoires
du Nord-ouest, dont 80 pour cent des revenus proviennent de
pérequations du gouvernement federal. Les Inuits du nord du
Quebec ont accés a des services comparables dont certains sont
dispenses par le gouvernement provincial et d’autres par le
gouvernement elu des Inuits du Quebec qui a ete forme en 1975
suite 3 l’Accord sur la baie de James et le nord du Quebec. Au
Labrador, et conformement a un accord federal-provincial de
partage des frais, le gouvernement de Terre~Neuve est le
principal responsable de l’administration des services aux

Inuits.

(W… __ .]!t|

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Fevrier 1983

BIBLIOGRAPHIE CHOISIE DES PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES

Cette bibliographie n’est evidemment pas exhaustive. Elle
signale en fait les documents qui s’avereraient utiles 3
l’etude des points constitutionnels prevus 5 l’ordre du jour de
la Conference des premiers ministres, les 15 et 16 mars 1983, 5
Ottawa. On retrouve au cours des annees plusieurs autres
volumes, etudes et rapports publies relativement aux peuples
autochtcnes du Canada.

Veuillez noter que les publications emanant du ministere des
Affaires indiennes et du Nord sont offertes au public an
comptoir de renseignements qui se trouve au siege principal du
10, rue Wellington, 5 Hull (Quebec). Le numero de telephone
pour 1’atteindre en est (819) 997-0380.

Les publications provenant de la Chambre des communes peuvent
etre obtenues du centre de distribution situe sur la Colline
parlementaire 5 Ottawa. Le numero de telephone est

(613) 996-0679.

La plupart des autres publications de la bibliographie se
retrouvent dans les bibliothéques municipales et
universitaires.

IIOI

= .5 1: :12: 4 _ :1. _ .._

ll: ..

AAIUIA Llllll.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE CHOISIE DES PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES

VOLUMES

Abel, A.S., Toward a Constitutional Charter for Canada,
Toronto : University of Toronto, 1980.

Badcock, William, who Owns Canada: Aboriginal Title and
Canadian Courts, Ottawa : Canadian Association in

Support of the Native Peoples, 1976.

Beck, Stanley et Ivan Bernier, ed. Canada and the new
Constitution. 2 volumes. Montreal : The Institute

for Research on public Policy, 1983.

Berger, Thomas. Fragile Freedoms: Human Rights and
Dissent in Canada. Toronto : Clarke, Irwin and

Company Ltd., 1981.

Beaudoin, G.-A. Essais sur la Constitution. Ottawa :
Editions de l’universite d’Ottawa, 1979.

Cardinal, Harold. The Unjust Society: the Tragedy of
Canada’s Indians. Edmonton : M.G. Hurtig, 1969.

Crowe, Keith. A History of the Original Peoples of
‘Northern Canada. Montreal Arctic Institute of

North America, 1974.

Cumming, P. et N. Mickenberg, ed. Native Rights in
Canada. ‘2e edition. Toronto : General Publishing

Co., 1972.

Daniels, Harry. Native People and the Constitution of
Canada; (The Report of the Metis and Non~Status Indian

Constitutional Review Commission). Ottawa : Mutual
Press, avril 1981.

Ferrari, L. Human Rights and the Canadian Indian.
Moncton ° New Brunswick Human Rights Commission,

0

Department of Labour, 1973.

Lysyk, Kenneth M., Q.C. The Rights and Freedoms of the
Aboriginal Peoples of Canada. Chapitre 15, “The
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Commentary”,
W.S. Tarnopolsky and G.~A. Beaudoin. Toronto : The
Carswell Company Limited, 1982.

Patterson, E. Palmer II. The Canadian Indian: A
History Since 1500. Don Mills : Col1ier~Macmil1an

Ltd., 1972.

E V

“J 1|}.

I ll .1 Nu in Mimi

lll: in. “milk u~ . I 5;

Sealey, D. Bruce et V.J. Kirkness, ed. Indians Without
Tipis: A Resource Book by Indians and Metis.
Vancouver : William Clare Limited, 1973.

Sealey, D. Bruce et Antoine S. Lussier. The Metis:
-Canada’s Forgotten People. Winnipeg : Manitoba Metis
Federation Press, 1975. ‘

Sheppard, R. at M. Valpy. The National Deal: The Fight
for a Canadian Constitution. Toronto : Fleet
Publishers, 1982.

Slattery, Brian. The Land Rights of Indigenous Canadian
Peoples as Affected by the Crown’s Acguisition of
their Territories. Texte de doctorat en philosophie,
Oxford, 1979.

Watkins, Mel, ed. Dene Nation — The Colony Within.
Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 1977.

Weaver, Sally. Makinggcanadian Indian Policy: The
Hidden Agenda, 1968 – 1970. Toronto : University of
Toronto Press, 1981.

ARTICLES

Bissonnette, Alain. ” Les droits des autochtcnes et les
territoires du nord-ouest “, Bulletin canadien de
l’aide juridique, Les autochtcnes et la justice au
Canada, numero special, partie I, pp. 133-171, janvier
1982.

Calvin, Eric. “Legal Process and Resolution of Indian
Land Claims”, Studies in Aboriginal Rights, University
of Saskatchewan (Native Law Centre), Saskatoon, 1981.

Denhez, Marc. “Impact of Inuit Rights on Arctic
Waters”, Northern Perspectives, vol. 10, n° 5,

(Sept. “‘ Octo

Jamieson, Kathleen. “Sisters under the skin: the
exploration of the implications of feminist-
materialist perspective research”, Canadian Ethnic
Studies, vol. XIII, n° 1, 1981.

‘Ila-I

:1.

ll. .. V‘

m J In null]: HIML

Ha I :11 Hull! ullll

Lxllull nllllh “I up nr

Lysyk, Kenneth. “Human Rights and the Native Peoples of
Canada”, Canadian Bar Review, 1968.

Lysyk, Kenneth. “The Indian Title Question in Canada:
An Appraisal in the Light of Calder”, Canadian Bar
Review, vol. 51, septembre 1973.

Lysyk, Kenneth. “The Unique Constitutional Position of
the Canadian Indian”, Canadian Bar Review, septembre

1967.

Morisset, Jean. “The Aboriginal Nationhood: the
Northern Challenge and the Construction of Canadian

Unity”, Queen’s Quarterly, ete 1980.

Moss, John E. “Native Proposals for Constitutional
0

Reform”, Journal of Canadian Studies, vol. 15, n 4,
hiver 1980-1981. ‘

Morse, Bradford W., ed. Canadian Legal Aid Bulletin,
National Legal Aid Research Centre, Ire partie,:
janvier_l982, vol. 5, n° 1, Native People and Justice
in Canada, 29 partie (avril~juillet 1982), vol. 5,
nos 2 et 3. Native People and Justice in Canada.

Ottawa.

Slattery, Brian. “Ancestral lands: alien laws,
judicial perspectives on aboriginal land title”,
Osgoode Hall Law School, c. 1983.

Weaver, Sally. “Federal Difficulties with Aboriginal
Rights Demands”, Paper read at the Conference on
Aboriginal Rights, University of Lethbridge, Alberta,
(janvier 18-21 1983). Disponible a l’universite de

Waterloo.

Weaver, Sally. “The Joint Cabinet/National Indian
Brotherhood Committee: unique experiment in pressure

group relations”, Canadian Public Administration, vol.

25, n° 2, eta 1982.

4. ,___ s , _.
_=—: if .4 . E _. ._ _

Mn I lit: Mull “in: . A:

PUBLICATIONS nu MINISTBRE
(MAIN) 5

DES AFFAIRES INDIENNES ET DU NORD

A History of Native Claims Processes in Canada l867~
1979. Ottawa, Canada, 1980. ’

An Overview of Some Recent Research on Attitudes in
Canada Towards Indian People. Ottawa, Canada, 1980.

In all Fairness,

A Native Claims Policy,
Claims.

Comprehensive

Ottawa, Canada, 1981.

Outstanding_Business, A Native Claims Policy, Specific
Claims. Ottawa, Canada, 1982.

The Elimination of Sex Discrimination from the Indian
Act. Ottawa, Canada, 1982.

Atelier de travail de Statistique Canada, Indian
Demographic Patterns and Trends and their Implications
for Policy and Planning. Ottawa, Canada, juin 1980.

Barnhart, R. et D. Madill. ,The Metis as a Factor in the
Euro-Canadian Development of the Canadian West.

Ottawa, Canada, 1978.

Barnhart, R. et D. Madill. Survey of Historical Records
on the Metis. Ottawa, Canada, 1978.

Daugherty, W. et D. Madill. Indian Government Under
Indian Act Legislation: 1868-1951. Ottawa, Canada,
1980.

Freeman, Milton M.R., ed. Inuit Land Use and Occupancy
Project. vol. 1-3, Approvisionnements et services
Canada, 1976.

Knox, R.H. Indian Conditions: A Survey. Ottawa,
Canada, 1980.

Leslie, J. et R. Maguire, ed. The Historical

Development of the Indian Act.

Ottawa,

Canada,

(‘nnnA’«‘&’

Mn I ll. MW: 1:: . u.

I 11 ‘l

Maguire, R. Indian Treaties in Historical Perspective.
Ottawa, Canada, 1979.

Siggner, A. et C. Locatelli. Population Projections for
the Registered Indian Population, 1973-1990. Ottawa,
Canada, 1977.

PUBLICATIONS DE LA CHAMBRE DES COMMUNES

Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence of the Sub~committee
on Indian Women and the Indian Act. Comite permanent
sur les affaires indiennes et le developpement du
Nord. (Nos 1-5) ; Ottawa, Canada, 1982.

Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence of the Special
Committee to act as a Task Force on Indian Self-
Government. Comite permanent sur les affaires
indiennes et le developpement du Nord. (Nos 1~4) ;
l982~1983. –

Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence on the Constitution
of Canada. Comite conjoint special du Senat et de la
Chambre des communes. (Nos l~31) ; Ottawa, Canada,
1980-1981. ‘

PUBLICATIONS DIVERSES

Approvisionnements et Services Canada. Drury, C.M.
Constitutional Development in the Northwest
Territories, Report of the Special Representative.
Ottawa, Canada, janvier 1980. —

L’Imprimeur du roi. Shortt, A. et A.G. Doughty.
Documents relating to the Constitutional History of
Canada 1759-1791. Ottawa, Canada, 1918.

Approvisionnements et Services Canada. Berger, Thomas.
Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry Proceedings.
Burnaby, British Columbia, 1977.

1.:

I. In w “M ii‘ Wu“ -hum:

Berger, Thomas.

Approvisionnements et Services Canada.
Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry Proceeding .

Burnaby (Colombie-Britannique), 1977.

Approvisionnements et Services Canada. Berger, Thomas.

Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland, Report of the
Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquigy, Ottawa, Canada,

1977.

Statistique Canada. Statistics Canada Daily. Peuple
‘ p. 6._ Ottawa,

autochtone, recensement de 1981 ,
Canada, fevrier 1983. –

Canada. Jenness, Diamond. The

Musees nationaux du
6e edition. Ottawa, Canada,

Indians of Canada.
1972.

‘IIAI

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Tuesday, February 1, 1983 Page 7
Table 2
Native People by Type, Canada and Provlnces/Terrltorles
1981
Total Non-
Total Native Status status _
Area Population‘ People Inuit Indian lndlan Métls
Canada 24,083,496 491,460 25,390: 292,700 75.110 98.260
Newfoundland 563,747 4,430 1,850 . 1,010 1.185 385
Prince Edward Island 121,223 .625 30 400 140 50
Nova Scotia 839.801 7.795 130 5,905 1.155 605
New Brunswick 689,373 5,515 5 4.235 865 415
Quebec 6,369,068 52.395 4.375 34.400 5.810 7.310
Ontario 8,534,263 110.060 1.095 70.190 26.090 12.680
Manitoba 1,013,703 66,280 230 39.710 5.555 20.485
Saskatchewan 956,441 59,200 145 37.470 4.135 17.455
Alberta 2.213.651 72.050 510 35.810 8.595 27.135
British Columbia 2,713,615 82,645 515 54.085 19.085 8.955
Yukon 23.074 4.045 95 2.770 990 190
Northwest Territories 45,537 26,430 15.910 6.720 1.205 2.595

I Excludes inmates in institutions.

A word of caution is in order with respect to the use
of data for Status Indians, Non-status Indians and
Métis. Since the terms Status and Non-status reflect a
legal situation it follows that both of these groups may
include persons who are of mixed or other than Native
Indian ancestry. For example, a non-Native woman
married to a Status Indian man legally gains status
rights. Nevertheless, from the point of view of ethnicity
she is still a non-Native. In such cases it is not known
whether individuals reported themselves as Status
Indians or some non-Native ethnic group.

Generally, Non-status Indians are those people who
have not maintained their rights as Status Indians,
while Metis are descendants of the unions of Natives
and non-Natives. As generations pass. however, and
descendants associate more with one culture than the
other it is possible that persons of mixed ancestry may
consider themselves as either Indian or some non-
Native ethnic group such as French or English. The
Census count of Metis, therefore, reflects not so much
the biological origins of the respondents as their iden-
tification with the group. In the Prairie Provinces,

(1.-nnar15’

where association with the history and certain legal
rights of the Métis as a culture is stronger. numbers
reported are relatively higher than elsewhere. In the
other regions it is posslblethat a number of persons of
mixed heritage may have reported themselves as Non-
status Indians or as members of some non-Native eth-
nic group, depending upon the cultural heritage with
which they most Identify.

For further information, contact Sylvla Wargon (613-
995-7946) or Gordon Priest (613-995-4543), Census
and Household Statistics. Statistics Canada, Ottaw
KIA 0T6. ‘

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; N.B. For a discussion of the definition of aboriginal peoples,
see Lysyk, Kenneth, The Rights and Freedoms of the Aboriginal
Peoples of Canada, The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms:
Commentary, Editors, W. S. Tarnopolsky and G. A. Beaudoin,
Carswell Company Ltd., Toronto, 1982.

_.

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Appendix ‘A’

Statistics Canada census figures

Tuesday, February 1, 1983

Page 6
Table 1
Native People, Canada
1931-1981
Native lndian Metis (Mixed
Total Native and
Census Total Native Inuit Non- Non-native
Year Population People (Eskimo) Total Status status ‘ Ancestry)
1931 10,376,786 128,8901 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
1941 11,506,655 160,937? 7.205 118,316 N.A. N.A. 35.416
1951 14,009,429 165.6073 9.733 155,874 N.A. N.A. N.A.
1961 – 18,238,247 220.1213 11.835 208,286 N.A. N.A. N.A.
1971 ’21 ,568,311 312,765‘ 17,550 295,215 N.A. N.A. N.A.
19815 24,083,496 491.4605 25,390 367,810 292,700 75.1 10 98.260

1 Includes Native Indian, Inuit and persons of mixed native and non-native ancestry traced on the mother’s side.
2 Includes Native Indian, Inuit and persons of mixed native and non-native ancestry traced on the father’s side.
3 Includes Native Indian, Inuit and some persons of mixed native and non-native ancestry living on Indian reserves or traced on

the father’s side.

4 Includes Native Indian and Inuit only, traced on the father’s side.
5 includes Native Indian. Inuit and self-reported Metis, traced through both parents.

6 Excludes inmates.
N.A. Not available or not published.

Native People. 1981 Census of Population

The 1981 Census of Population revealed that more
than 491,000 Canadians reported themselves as Native
People, including over 25,000 Inuit, close to 293,000
Status Indians, over_75,000 Non-status Indians and
more than 98,000 Métis. This was the first census that
specifically attempted to identify the Metis people,
although the 1941 Census recorded 35,416 persons of
mixed Native and non-Native ancestry.

in censuses from 1911 to 1931, people with Native or
mixed Native ancestry were reported as Native Indian
or Eskimo, and the line of descent was traced through
the mother’s side (non—-Native ancestry was traced
through the father’s side). Thus, in these earlier cen-
suses persons of mixed ancestry would have been
included in the total counts of Native People if they so
reported.

In the censuses of 1951 and 1961, persons of mixed
Native ancestry were included in the count of Native
People if they lived on an Indian Reserve. If they did
not live on a reserve they were reported as a Native
Person only if they could claim Native ancestry on the
father’s side. This represented a marked change in
procedure from the earlier censuses and may have

resulted in lower overall counts of Native People in ’

those two censuses.

in 1971, the first self-enumeration census, Native
People were reported as Native lndian (band), Native
Indian (non-band) or Eskimo. There were no provi-
sions tor reporting mixed Native ancestry. Therefore, it
is possible that many such persons were not included
in the total counts of Native People in the 1971 Census.

Table 1 reflects historical counts of Native People
with cautionary notes on the degree of comparability.
The censuses of 1941 and 1981 are the most directly
comparable in that both made an explicit attempt to
individually enumerate persons of mixed Native
ancestry. While the total population increased by 109%
during this 40-year period, Native People increased by
205%. The most notable increase of 252% was among

the Inuit, while Native Indians increased by 210°/o.
These increases are due almost exclusively to natural
causes such as higher fertility and lower mortality.
Thus, it is interesting to note that the non-Native popu-
lation has grown at a much lower rate even though it
has also been augmented by immigration.

The Metis population, as reported, has increased
177%, a growth rate less than that of the Native Indians
and the Inuit but considerably more than that of the
non-Natives.

These significant increases in the counts of Native
People have taken place primarily since 1941. Earlier
records indicate that this population was relatively
stable during the 1901 to 1931 period when it averaged
about 120,000 persons.

Table 2 shows the number who reported themselves
as Native People in the 1981 Census. in that year they
constituted about 2.0% of the total population. How-
ever, the proportion varied considerably by province.
in Prince Edward island. Native People accounted for
only 0.5% of the total, while in Manitoba they made up
6.5%, the highest among the provinces, but lower than
the Yukon (17.5%) and the Northwest Territories
(58.0%). Just over one—third of the total population of
the Northwest Territories is lnuit. Northern Quebec
and the northern Labrador region of Newfoundland
are the only other areas with lnuit concentrations.

Persons who reported that they have retained their
rights as Status lndian are most numerous in Ontario
and British Columbia although there are also signifi-
cant concentrations in Quebec and the Prairie
Provinces.

(continued)

till i ll. hllililii

ll.

Metis

Two-thirds of Métis people live in Alberta, Manitoba and
Saskatchewan and the North with smaller concentrations in
Ontario, British Columbia, Quebec, and the Maritimes.

Inuit ,

Canada’s Inuit live in small communities in the Mackenzie
Delta, along the mainland coast of the Northwest Territories,
on the shores of Hudson and Ungava Bays, in Labrador and in
settlements on the Arctic Islands. The communities are
situated for the most part on bays, river mouths, inlets or
fiords. .

…/4
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Location of Inuit Communities

Sachs Harbouf

Tumoyamuig Clyde River

amughton Island

Pan9|”‘“‘“9 .

aaker Lake .

Killlnlq

Rankin IMO‘
Whale COW

Kanalqsuq K.n9|qw.|u[]uaQ

Povungnituk

Eskilm 9°“ Nain C Hgpedalo

Kuuiil-I89

Inuk|”°‘1

sanlklluaq v

Makkovik atgolct

xuunuuraaplk

Aboriginal Languages

There are 10 Indian linguistic groups in Canada: Algonkian,
Iroquoian, Siouan, Athapaskan, Kootenayan, Salishan, Wakashan,
Tsimshian, Haida and Tlingit. Each linguistic group is
composed of a number of sub~groups speaking related languages
or dialects. There are also six recognized Indian cultural
areas across Canada. Although there may be a parallel among
the linguistic and cultural backgrounds of Indian groups,
common linguistic affiliations do not necessarily mean common
cultural affiliations.

For the Inuit, Eskimo-Aleut is the one major linguistic family,

and although Inuktitut is the only language, there are many
dialects.

…/5

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11.. 1 ll nllllltllllll. iii

February 1983

CANADA’S ABORIGINAL PEOPLES

“Aboriginal” or “native”, generally speaking, refers to the
descendants of the original inhabitants of Canada. The
Constitution Act, 1982 specifies that aboriginal peoples
include Indians, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Definition

There are no accepted legal definitions of the three aboriginal
peoples identified in the Constitution. The following
descriptions, however, may provide a general concept of each
group. ~ ”

. ‘A status Indian is a person registered or entitled to be
registered as an Indian according to the Indian Act.
Approximately 50 per cent of the status Indians in Canada
are treaty Indians, that is, persons who belong to a body or
band of Indians who were signatories to a treaty with the
Government of Canada.

. The Inuit people are the aboriginal inhabitants of Arctic
Canada generally north of the tree line, including northern
Quebec and Labrador. The federal government’s power to make
laws affecting “Indians and lands reserved for Indians” was
interpreted to extend to Inuit people by the Supreme Court
of Canada in 1939. However, Inuit people are not covered by
the Indian Act. 5

. The term Metis generally refers to people of mixed Indian ,
and white ancestry, particularly those descended from the
population that lived on the Prairies around the time of
Confederation. More recently it has become a term used to
refer to people of Indian-white ancestry anywhere in
Canada.

. A fourth group, non-status Indians, generally includes
Indian people or those descended from them who for one
reason or another have lost their right to be registered as
Indians as defined by the Indian Act. For example, this
group might include the Indian women who have married non-
Indian men or Indians who have renounced or otherwise lost
their status.

…/2

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1.1 .

iii 1,

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Aboriginal Population

At the time of Confederation there were between 100,000 and
125,000 Indians in Canada. According to census information,
since the 1950s, the native population has increased faster
than the national rate. The 1981 census figures put the status
Indian population at 292,700 and non-status at 75,110. The
Inuit population has grown from 7,200 in 1941 to 25,300 in
1981, and the Metis people are estimated to number 98,200, on
the basis of self-identification in the last census. (See
appendix “A” for details).

Location of Aboriginal Peoples
Indians

There are about 573 Indian bands across Canada. The majority
of Indians live in bands with a membership of less than 1,000.
Thirty-nine per cent of bands have 301 to 1,000 population.
Thirty-one per cent have populations between 101 and 300.
Sixteen bands (3 per cent) have a population over 2,000. The
largest band has around 10,000 people and the average band
around 550.

The majority of Indian bands south of the 60th parallel are
located on reserve lands set aside for their exclusive use
through treaties and other legal arrangements. In the Yukon
Territory and Northwest Territories, only a small number of
Indians live on reserve lands. There are 2,252 separate
parcels of reserve land in Canada, with a total area of
approximately 26,525 square kilometres.

In 1980, some 30 per cent of Indians were living off reserves,
compared to less than 16 per cent in 1966. An estimated 65 per
cent of the Indian population is located in rural or remote
communities.

000/3

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February 1983

CANADA’S ABORIGINAL PEOPLE AND THE CONSTITUTION.

In December of l98l, the Canadian Parliament passed a
resolution that formed the basis of a Joint Address to Her
Majesty the Queen from the House of Commons and the Senate,
paving the way for “patriation” of the Canadian Constitution.

The Joint Address included a number of sections designed to
recognize and protect existing aboriginal rights (section 35)
and to ensure that these rights were elaborated upon and
clarified through a later process (section 37(2)). These
sections were the result of sustained negotiations over a
period of almost 18 months and were included in the
Constitution Act following all~party agreement during the final
stages of debate on the resolution.

Early in 1982 the United Kingdom Parliament passed the Canada
Act, which amended the Canadian Constitution to include the
Constitution Act, 1982. ‘

The Constitution Act, 1982 was formally proclaimed by the Queen
in Ottawa on April l7, 1982, as the final step in the process
of “patriation.” I ‘

Section 37 of the act requires the Prime Minister to convene a
meeting of first ministers within one year after proclamation
on constitutional matters that directly affect the aboriginal

peoples of Canada.

The Constitutional Conference of First Ministers will take
place March l5~l6, l983 in Ottawa at the Canadian
Intergovernmental Conference Centre.

The conference will begin the process of identifying and
defining additional rights of the aboriginal peoples of Canada
to be included in the Constitution of Canada. ‘

Participation of aboriginal peoples in the constitutional
conference is also specified in the act. The Prime Minister
has invited representatives of the three national native
organizations to participate directly in the deliberations:
the Assembly of First Nations representing Canada’s status
Indians; the Native Council of Canada representing non-status
Indians and Métis, and the Inuit Committee on National Issues

representing the Inuit.

To support the participation of native organizations in the
constitutional process, an amount of $2,809,910 was earmarked
by the federal cabinet for the fiscal year 1982/83. (See

Appendix A)

f”………..,]!:”.’

LA uia ii: :4. _ z: _ 4

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The March conference will break new ground in constitutional
development. For the first time issues fundamental to Canada’s
aboriginal people will receive national attention at a First
Ministers Conference. Also for the first time, representatives
of the aboriginal people will be actively taking part in the
discussions in their own right.

It will also be the first time for elected representatives of
the two territorial governments to.sit at the table to
participate in discussions that directly affect the Yukon
Territory and Northwest Territories.

In preparation for the First Ministers Conference, working
groups dealing with a broad range of political, social and
economic issues have met in Winnipeg, Ottawa and Montreal.
Between October 1982 and the end of the year, officials of the
federal, provincial and territorial governments, the Inuit
Committee on National Issues and the Native Council of Canada
have attended preliminary sessions to clarify positions and
start drafting an agenda.

Two meetings at the ministerial level have taken place in
Ottawa, on January 31 ~ February 1, 1983 and February 28 –
March 1, 1983. Provincial and territorial ministers, the

.federal Ministers of Justice and Indian Affairs and Northern

Development, the Minister of State for Social Development and
the Secretary of State attended, along with leaders of all
three national aboriginal organizations.

As a result of these consultations, unanimous agreement was
reached on the following agenda.

1. Charter of Rights of the Aboriginal Peoples (expanded
Part II of the Constitution Act) including

— Preamble .

– Removal of the word “existing” from section 35 and
expansion of that section to include recognition of
modern treaties, treaties signed outside Canada and
before Confederation, and specific mention of
“aboriginal title” including the rights of
aboriginal peoples of Canada to a land and water

base
– Statement of the particular rights of aboriginal
peoples
– Statement of principles
– Equality

— Enforcement
– Interpretation

.
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\ ~ ‘.~; 3:”-. _‘.p- .__y . . ‘1.-‘. ‘ . . .

will I in lmllll Iifllla

Minister of Justice and lvlinistre de la Justice et
Attorney General of Canada ‘ procureur general du Canada

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– ’ March .1 933

en} 9 3
$9 1%‘ ‘
hwmmpm MEMORANDUM TO THE NEWS MEDIA

This information kit contains a series of background papers
designed to help journalists familiarize themselves with the
complex issues of aboriginal rights to be discussed at the
Conference of First Ministers in Ottawa on March l5 and 16,

1983.

Every effort was made to present the information as objectively
as possible. Please note that the contents do not necessarily
reflect official policies and positions of the Government of

Canada.

Contents

1. The Canadian Constitution, 1981

2. Canada’s Aboriginal People and the Constitution

3. Canada’s Aboriginal Peoples

4. Sections of the Constitution Act, 1982 relating to
the Aboriginal People in Canada ‘

5. Rights of Indian Women
6. Aboriginal Organizations in Canada

7. Chronology of Events: Aboriginal People and the
Constitution

8. Chronology of the Administration of Indian Affairs in
Canada

9. Federal Programs and Services for Aboriginal People

10. Selected Bibliography

Ref: Francine Girard
(613) 593-6886

._.

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5:: .34….

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epeal of Part

9.. The said Act is further amended by
adding thereto. immediately after section 54

thereof. the following section:

“$4.! Purl IVJ. and this section are

v.1 and this ” repealed am April lll, 1937 .”

action

References

Citation

3 – The said Act is further amended by

adding thereto the following section:
“61. A reference to the Constitution

Acts, 1867 to 1982 shall be deemed to
include a reference- to the Constitution

Amendment Proclamation. I98 .”

7 . This Proclamation may cited as the

Constitution – Amendment
1983.

Proclamation.

9 , La inéme loi est modifiée par insertion.
aprés l’article 54, de ce qui suit :

.54.! La partie lV.l et ic préscnt arti-
cle sont abrogés le 18 avril 1987.» .

6.1.. La meme 12.1 est modifiéc par ad)onc-
tion de ce qui suit :

:61. Tout: mention des Loi: constitu-
tionnelle.: dc I867 21 I982 est réputée cons-

tituer également une mention de la Pro— .
I983 modifiant la”

demotion dc
Constitution.»

‘1 . Tim: de la présente proclamation : Pro-
. demotion de 1983 modij/ion: la C’on:mu-
.. lion. ‘ ‘

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in prime NJ :1
do présent
article ’

Mentions

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DOCOMENT:

FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL MEETING OF MINISTERS
ON ABORIGINAL CONSTITUTIONAL MATTERS

REUNION EéDéRALn-PROVINCIALE on MINISTRES
sun LES QUESTIONS CONSTITUTIONNELLES
INTERESSANT LES AUTOCHTONES

OTTAWA, Ontario
November 2-3, 1983

LIST OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS

830-138/O16

OTTAWA (Ontario)
les 2 et 3 novembre 1983

LISTE DES DOCUMENTS PUBLICS

DOCUMENT no. souacz 1-m..e
u° nu DOCUMENT onncme urns

830-138/006 flanitoba

on March 15-16. 1983

finoncé de principes présenté

autochtcnes tenue a Ottawa
les 15 et 16 mars 1983

830-138/007 Manitoba

March lS~16, 1983

1.‘-— .-o-a..- —..n—-…g__ _‘
A

tutionnelles

-C naouuo _.

830-138/O10 Metis

National “Riel was a Metis Patriot”

Council ‘

Ralliement Communique – Le 2 novembre 1983

national “Riel était un patriots métis”
| des Métis

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Statement of Principles Presented at the
Conference of First Minsiters on Aboriginal
Constitutional Matters held in Ottawa

des Premiers ministres sur les questions
constitutionnelles intéressant les

Framework Agreement Concerning Charter of
Aboriginal Rights Presented at the Conference
of First Ministers on Aboriginal
Constitutional Matters held in Ottawa on

Entente~cadre concernant la Charte des droits
des autochtcnes présenté 5 la Conference des
Premiers ministres sur les questions consti-
intéressant les autochtcnes
tenue 5 Ottawa les 15 et 16 mars 1983

Press Release — November 2, 1983

[ -”r;=.’*.‘%.’»..’:‘2.3s nu PARLEMENT

.1-,.-:’::c.’::-‘.1″..‘=z‘.’.’.‘£’–‘ 3’9 –

5 la Conference

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CE DOCUMENT EST EG.‘.;-..=~. – ‘=~I v‘-‘W–“‘3»‘-‘3

DOCUMENT: 830-138/O06

FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL MEETING OF MINISTERS
ON ABORIGINAL CONSTITUTIONAL MATTERS

Statement of Principles

Presented at the

Conference of First Ministers
on Aboriginal Constitutional Matters

held in Ottawa

on March 15-16, 1983

Manitoba

Ottawa, Ontario
November 2-3, 1983

iiill MIL“! H“. 5‘

DRAFT

STATEMENT or PRINCIPLES

The special status of aboriginal peoples in Canadian
society stems from the fact of their occupation use and

collective ownership of lands in what is now Canada prior

to European settlement and the application of European law.

The aboriginal peoples existed as distinct nations and
exercised self-governing powers over their territory and
over their religious, cultural, social, economic and

political life. _They also exercised control over living

and natural resources of the land they inhabited. Although’

the treaties and.modern agreements have affected the rights
of.the aboriginal nations to some extent, such treaties.and
agreements cannot be construed as constituting a general

extinguishment of fundamental aboriginal rights.

Over the several centuries which followed the coming of
white settlement many developments have taken place in the
construction of a Canadian political system. Account must
be taken of Canada’s political and constitutional structure
in the process of identifying and defining aboriginal
rights for inclusion in the Constitution of Canada. For
example, the fiscal and trust responsibility of the Federal
Government stems from the devolution of Crown
responsibility (which responsibility is defined in part in
the Royal Proclamation of 1763); and such responsibility

cannot be unilaterally abandoned.

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II.

It is also the case that the right of the aboriginal
peoples to self-government (which is hereby recognized and
affirmed) must now be further developed in the context of

the Canadian Constitution.

The subscribing parties to this Statement of Principles
recognize the following attributes of aboriginal rights for
the express purpose of providing a basis upon which

the constitutional recognition of those rights shall be
further elaborated within the Constitution of Canada and
reflects a commitment by the Federal and Provincial.
Governments of Canada, in the spirit and intent of S.

37(2), to elaborate and secure the rights and freedoms of

the Aboriginal peoples of Canada:

(1) Aboriginal rights and title are based on but are not
confined to the use and occupancy by the original‘
peoples of land over which they exercised collective

control and governance.
(2) The rights of the aboriginal peoples include:

‘(a) Aboriginal title and land entitlements, as
modified and secured by treaties and agreements
analogous to treaties, which title and claims are
not subject to arbitrary interference of .

appropriation.

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(3)

(D)

(c)

(en

(e)

The right to have treaties and analogous

agreements constitutionally protected.

The right to self-government subject to the
Canadian Constitution and within the Canadian

Confederation.

The right to preserve and develop their own
distinct aboriginal cultures, languages and
religions free from arbitrary interference.

fish, trap and

Their historic right to hunt,
gather, and their right to participate in the

protection and enhancement of living resources of
the land for the continued use, benefit and

enjoyment of all Canadians both present and

future.

It is recognized as essential that the aboriginal

peoples have the right to benefit fully from the use

of their lands and renewable and non-renewable

resources as a base for self-sufficiency,

and for the

social, economic and political development of their

communities.

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(4)

(5)

(6)

It is further recognized that a special relationship
of fiscal responsibility exists between the aboriginal
peoples and the Federal Government. Section 9l(24) of
the Constitution Act, 1867 is only one expression of
that relationship as it applies to Indians and the

Inuit. The Federal Government and the Provincial

Governments have special responsibilities to the Metis.

as well.

It is further recognized that, when defining and

developing aboriginal institutions of self-government,

it will be essential that adequate fiscal resources be

M made available to the aboriginal peoples. Such

resources are required to provide services reasonably
comparable to those available to Canadians generally,
taking into account the special social, cultural and

economic needs of aboriginal peoples.

It is further recognized that, consistent with the
present division of Federal and Provincial
responsibilities for the delivery of programs relating
to health, education, community services and economic
development, and consistent with fiscal responsibility
as above stated, program delivery should be
transferred to the developing institutions of

aboriginal self-government.

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(7)

(8).

(9)

It is further recognized that rights to be identified
and defined for inclusion in the Constitution of

Canada shall not derogate from other rights enjoyed by

the aboriginal peoples.

It is further recognized that there should be a clause
in the Constitution expressly providing for the
enforcement of the collective and individual

aboriginal rights guaranteed by the Constitution.
It is further recognized as a matter of principle:

(a) that the aboriginal peoples should have the
right to initiate amendments to those
constitutional provisions which directly and
exclusively affect them, such initiation to take
place through their representative national

organizations; and

(b) that no amendment to the Constitution of Canada
A which directly and exclusively affects one or

more of the aboriginal peoples may be made
without the agreement of those aboriginal peoples
so affected. Such agreement can only be given or
withheld by the representative national

organization of those aboriginal peoples.

1’42‘.

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CE DOCUMENT EST EGALE.‘AC.‘2T D’.‘3PON|”.3-

DOCUMENT:

FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL MEETING OF MINISTERS
ON ABORIGINAL CONSTITUTIONAL MATTERS

Framework’Agreement Concerning Charter

of Aboriginal Rights

Presented at the
Conference of First Ministers
on Aboriginal Constitutional Matters
held in Ottawa

on March 15-16, 1983

Manitoba

‘:2 {EN FRANCAIS

830-138/007

Ottawa, Ontario
November 2-3, 1983

nu.

I. . N. : mm mm .ll|lL

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FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT CONCERNINC

CHARTER OF ABORIGINAL RIGHTS

Subscribing First.Ministers and the leaders of the Aboriginal

people agree:

That Part II of the Constitution Act, 1982 remain, be revised

and be entitled Aboriginal Charter of Rights.

That rights=of aboriginal people be recognized as collective

and individual rights.

That the-word.”existing” is to.be-removed from 8. 35(1) when
particular rights are defined and entrenched and that_the word

“guaranteed“’be-added after the word “affirmed”.

That Part II include:

(a) A definition of’the term “Aboriginal peoples”.

(b) A statement concerning and a definition of aboriginal
title including the rights of the Aboriginal peoples of
Canada to a land base.

(c) A clause concerning aboriginal rights, including customary,
linguistic, cultural and spiritual rights.

(d) An enforcement clause.

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IIIAI I II: MIIHII IIAIIE“. u

(e)

(f)

(9)
(h)

(i)

‘(j)

(k)

A clause relating to the initiation of amendments to any
item included in Part II.

A clause relating to the-role of the Aboriginal peoples
with respect to amendments directly affecting them whether
contained in Part II or not.

A clause relating to the questions of fiscal responsibility
and program delivery.

A clause concerning the status of treaties and analogous
agreements including the implementation of treaties..

A clause concerning economic rights and benefits, including
hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering rights: and
concerning benefits from.the development of renewable and
non-renewable resources to which there are aboriginal or
treaty entitlements.

Clauses relating to:self-government for Indians, Inuits

and Metis.

A clause-relating-to equal rights for Aboriginal women and

men 0

, ,,_;__ “__§…§.: .4 W :2 _. __ E

In I III IalI“I.I.:Imun nu II‘

I I121

CE DOCUMENT EST EGALEMENT DISPONIBLE EN FRANCAIS

DOCUMENT: 830-138/010

FEDERAL~PROVINCIAL MEETING OF MINISTERS
ON ABORIGINAL CONSTITUTIONAL MATTERS

Press Release – November 2, 1983

“Riel was a Metis Patriot”

Metis National Council

Ottawa, Ontario
November 2-3, 1983

III I In IIIIHII IIHIII III um.

I

III. IIIIHII III} I

METIS NATIONAL COUNCIL

S01 – 63 SPARKS STREET,

OTTAHA, ONTARIO KlP SA6
(613) 230-7240

PRESS RELEASE

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE ~ NOVEMBER 2 1983

‘RIEL HAS A METIS PATRIOT’

THE METIs NATIONAL CouNcIL QUESTIONS RECENT STATEMENTS
BY BRIAN MULRDNEY To THE EFFECT THAT THE PRDGREssIvE CoNsERvATIvE
PARTY HAS PAID OFF ITS HISTORICAL DEBT TowARDs FRANCOPHONES A
BY SUPPORTING A CONSTITUTIONAL RESOLUTION FOR FRENGH LANGUAGE
RIGHTS IN MANITOBA. IF A DEBT Is To BE PAID, IT Is To

‘ THE METIS PEOPLE WHOSE LAND RIGHTS, LIKE FRENCH LANGUAGE

RIGHTS, WERE BUILT INTO THE MANITOBA ACT, HERE ALSO STRUCK
DowN BY AMENDMENTS, BUT UNLIKE LANGUAGE RIGHTS, ARE IN

No WAY covERED BY THE REsoLuTIoN. THE DEBATE IN MANITOBA
IGNoREs THE FACT THAT RIEL WAS A METIB, NOT A FRENGH-CANADIAN,
NATIONALIST, AND THAT NHAT HE FOUGHT FOR – THE RIGHTS

os THE METIs TO A LAND BASE AND sELF-GDYERNNENT – ARE

STILL NOT REsPEcTED. IF THE ToRIEs HAVE CLEARED THEIR

NAME IN QUEBEC, THEY sTILL HAVEN’T ADDRESSED THE GRIEvANcEs
OF RIEL’s coNsTITuENTs, THE METIS.

ONCE AGAIN NE HAVE BEEN RELEGATED TO A FOOTNOTE TO
THE ENGLISH-FRENGH CONFLICT IN CANADA. WE ARE DISMAYED
BY THE sELEcTIvE JUSTICE BEING sHowN BY ALL NATIONAL POLITICAL I
PARTIES AS THEY TRY To RESTORE FRENCH RIGHTS IN MANITDBA

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wHILE DENYING oURs. IE MANITDBA wAs GUILTY or DOING AWAY
WITH FRENCH LANGUAGE RIGHTs. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WAS
EDUALLY GUILTY OF DOING ANAY WITH oUR LAND RIGHTs. As

A REsULT, THE METIs ARE A LANDLEss, HOMELESS PEOPLE.

WHY IsN’T MR. MULRDNEY OR PRIME MINIsTER TRUDEAU coNcERNED
ABOUT THAT? 0NcE AGAIN THE METIs ARE LOST IN THE SHUFFLE
OF RIGHTs BETWEEN ENGLISH AND FRENCH-BREAKING CANADIANs.

WHILE MR. MULRoNEY’s STATEMENT IS A STEP IN THE RIGHT
DIRECTION, REcoGNIzING THAT THE GHosT or RIEL REFLECTS
A DEBT To BE PAID. THAT DEBT Is To THE METIs AND SHOULD
BE PAID BY SUPPORT FOR THE REsToRATIoN OF OUR RIGHTs IN
THE CANADIAN CoNsTITUTIoN. ON NOVEMBER 16TH. THE 98TH
ANNIVERSARY OF RIEL’s HANGING, THE METIs NATIONAL COUNCIL
IS MEETING IN WINNIREG. THIs wouLD BE A PERFECT OPPORTUNITY
FOR BOTH MR. MULRDNEY AND THE PRIME MINIsTER To COOPERATIVELY
ADDREss METIs coNsTITUTIoNAL RIGHTs AND THE REALITY OF

RIEL.
-30-

NOTE: THERE HILL BE A PRESS CONFERENCE TODAY, NOVEMBER
2. 1983 AT THE GDVERNHENT CONFERENCE CENTRE.
AT 1:00 R.H.. FOR MORE INFORMATION: 992-1729.

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DOCUMENT: 800-17/041
REVISED 4 RfivIsB’

FIRST MINISTERS‘ CONFERENCE
.- ON
ABORIGINAL CONSTITUTIONAL MATTERS

CONFERENCE DES PREMIERS MINISTRES .
sun LES QUESTIONS CONSTITUTIONNBLLES
INIERBSBANT LBS AUTOCHTONBB

1983 CONSTITUTIONAL ACCORD
on ABORIGINAL RIGHTS _

AEE6RD CONSTITUTIONNEL DE°1983
SUR LES DROITS DES AUTOCHTONES

F§D§RAL
FEDERAL.

‘ s…‘-,

I
‘ (*1. .:.:f

-«-‘es..I.s;:.-‘I.’

5 “‘ ‘~–‘1-3
MAR 29, 1933

M._ _‘ ‘__

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— ~ .. – ». … Res-IEA4 .
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Ottawa r Ottawa
March I5_16′ 1983 3; et 16 mars 1983

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1983 CONSTITUTIONAL ACCORD on
ABORIGINAL nxcn-rs

Whereas pursuant to section 37 of the Constitution

§gg4_;g§g, a constitutional conference composed of

the Prime Minister of Canada and the first ministers

of the provinces was held on March 15 and 16. 1983,

to which representatives of the aboriginal peoples of_

Canada and elected representatives of the governments

‘ of the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories

were invited;

And whereas it was agreed at that conference that certa

amendments to the Constitution Act, 1982 would be

sought in accordance with section 38 of that Act-
. N _ ,

‘and whereas that conference had included in its

agenda the

peooles of

following matters that directly affect the abori:

Canada:
AGENDA ‘

1- Charter of Rights of the Aboriginal Peoples
(Expanded Part II) Including:

Preamble .
Removal of “Existing”, and Expansion of

section 35-to Include Recognition of Modern
Treaties. Treaties signed Outside Canada and
Before Confederation» and Specific Mention of
“Aboriginal Title” Including the Rights of
Aboriginal Peoples of Canada to a Land and
Water Base (including Land base for the Metis)

Statement«o£ the Particular~Rights of
Aboriginal Peoples . ‘

Statement of Principles
,Equality

Enforcement
Interpretation

-.I

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IIII I III. LIIIUII

I II ‘I

II.

III I II. IIIIIII.

I I ..

2. Amending Formula Revisions} Including:

— Amendments on Ahoriginal hatters not to be «
Subject to Provincial opting out (section 42)

~- Consent Clause ‘

Z.

3. Self~Government
4.. Repeal of Section 42(l)(e) and (f)
5o Amendments to Part IIl, Including:
;4? Equalization

)
‘ §- Cost-Sharing ‘ )
~- Service Delivery )

Resourcing of
Aboriginal Governments

6. Ongoing Process, Including Further First Ministers Conferen
_ and the Entrenchment of Necessary Mechanisms to Implement
Rights – –

And whereas that conference was unable to complete
its full consideration of all the agenda items:
And whereas it was agreed at that conference.that.

future conferences be held at which those agenda items.

and other constitutional matters that directly affect the aborigi

peoples of Canada will be discvssed:

NOW THEREFORE the Government of Canada and the provincial governn

herebv agree as follows:

I III. IIIIIIII IIIIIIE III II… II

1.

3.

A constitutional conference composed of the

Prime Minister of Canada and the first ministers

of the provinces will be convened by the Prime
Minister of Canada within one year after the completiox

the constitutional conference held on March 15 and

l6.:1983.

The conference convened under subsection (11 shall
?have included in its agenda those items that were not
fully considered at the conference held on March l5 and

15, l983,.and the Prime Minister of Canada shall invite
representatives of the aboriginal peoples of Canada to

participate in the discussions on those items.”

The Prime Minister of Canada shall invite elected
‘representatives of the governments of the Yukon
Territory and the Northwest Territories to participate
in the discussions on any item on the agenda of‘ I
the conference convened under subsection (1) that,

in the opinion of the Prime Minister, directly

affects the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territorie

‘The Prime Minister of Canada will lay or cause to

be laid before the Senate and House of Commons,and
the first ministers of the provinces will lay or
cause to be laid before their legislative assemblies}

prior tcabecember 3l,19d3, a resolution in the form

set out in the Schedule to authorize a proclamation to I

issued by the Governor General under the Great Seal

of Canada to amend the.Constitution Act, 1982.

II ‘. IIII IIIIHII IIIIIII IIIIII A

on (1 “‘

5. In preparation for the constitutional conferences

contemplated by this Accord. meetings composed of
ministers of the governments of Canada and the ‘
provinces. together with representatives of the
ab°ri9i0a1.Pe0PieS Of Caflada and elected representatives

the governments of the Yukon Territory and the

Northwest Territories, shall be convenedat least

. annually by the government of Canada.

_Nothinq in this Accord is intended to preclude.

or.substitute for, any bilateral or other discussior
or agreements between governments and the various

aboriginal peoples and, in particular, having regard

_to the authority of Parliament under Class 24 of

section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867, and to.’

‘the special relationship that has existed and

‘continues-to exist between the Parliament and

government of Canada and the peoples referred to in
that Class, this Accord is made without prejudice
to any bilateral process that has been or may be
established between the government of Canada and M

thoseipeoples.

Nothing in this Accord shall be construed so as to

affect the interpretation of the Constitution of

Canada.

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ACCORD CONSTITUTIONNEL DE

1983 sun LES nnoxés pas AUTOCHTONI

Attoudu :

.qG’0nG C0flférenCe constitutionnelle réunissant 1;

premier ministre du Canada et les premieré ministres
Pr0YinCiauX. 5’laque11e.avaient été invités les

regrésentants des peuples autochtcnes du Canada et
des rGPrésentants élus du territoire du Yukon

_ et des
territoires du Nord-0uest,a eu lieg les 15 at 16 mars
1933 an application de l’article 37 de la Loi

constitutionnelle de 1982:

qu’il a été convenu, 3 cette conféience, que la Loi
constitutionnelle de 1983 ferait 1’objet d’une
procédure de modification dans les conditions piévues 5.

son article 38{

que 1és_guestiona soivantes qui intéressent directement
les peuples antoohtones du Canada avaient été placées

5 l’ordre du jour de cette conférence:

“o3nas nu aoua

CHARTS-DES oaoxrs DES PEOPLES AUTOCHTONBS tsxpausxon on LA
PARTIE I: as LA.LDI CDNSTITUTIONNELLE as 1982). 2 comaaxs:

La pnéauauns

LA supnsssxou on menus “BXISTANTS” ET L‘INCLUSION A
L’ARTICLE 35 DE LA RECONNAISSANCE ass waaxras
coursmpoaaxus, ass TRAITES szcnés an nsaoas nu CANADA Br
AVANT LA cousenaaawzon, AINSI one LA nsnrzou paéczss DE
“rzraa AUTOCHTONE” 2 COMPRIS LB DROIT DES PEUPLES
AUTOCHTONBS nu-CANADA A UN rsnnzwozna aw 02$ EAUX on
RESERVE (2 COMPRIS um TERRITOIRE POUR LES METIS)

L’ENOMCE DES nnolrs PARTICULIERS DES PBUPLES AUTOCHTONES
L’ENONCE oas PaxNcIpgs~ ‘ ‘

L‘EGAL1TE

L’APPLICATION

:’INmERPnE:AwIoN

I L I AL: ‘ in Lulu“ ‘lLu» :4

2.

3.
4.
5.

MODIFICATION DE LA FORMULE DuAMENDEm_:N.r Y COMPRI
‘ . 0 8:

‘.~ LA SOUSTRACTION AU DROIT as asrnggr

es 033 AUTOCHTONES
– LA nrsposxrzon as couseursnaur‘ °

couvtnnensnr Aurocarouz Auwououg
ABROGATION nss ALINEAS 42(1)e) er £)
MODIFICATION DE LA PARTIB III, 2 compazs.

~ LA pénfiouarron ) ggssoun C,
_ LE PARTAGE D33 FRAIS ) AUT0CHTg§§so£s ADMINISLRATIONS

~ LA PRESTATION DE SERVICES )

nrsposzrxous as suzvx. Y coupars D’AUTRES consénaucas has
Apaenxens nxuxsrass er L’INSCRIPTION DES mécanrsuss
.N§cgssA1aas A L‘BXECUTION ass naozws

qu’il n’a fias été possible a cette conférence

d‘étudier pleinement toutes ces questions;

qu’il a été convenu,a 1a.méme conférence,d’examiner
ces qfiestions at d’autres questions constitutionnelies
qui intéressent directament les fieuples autochtones_

du Canada -5 des conférences ultérieures,

le gouvernement du Canada et les gouvarnements provinciaux_

sont convenus de ce qui suit :

!. Dans 1’année suivant la con£érence.qni a
eu lieu les 1$’et 16 mars i983, 1e I
premier mintstre do Canada convoquera
‘une conférence constitutionnslle réunissant
les premders ministtes provinciaux et

lui-méme.

2’,’ Soront placécs 5 l’ordre. du jour de la .
ccmf5.r:cinc:e convoquée en Vertll (111 Paragraph‘? (1) 3-es
questions.qni n’ont pas été étudiées pleinement
lors de la conférence des 15 et 16 mars 1983- Le
ptemier ministre du Canada invitera les répaésentants

des peugles autochtcnes du Canada a partiCiPer aux

LL

1 In 1 All J1: HHLMJ up.

i JL MIL u. 3

3.

Le premier ninistre du Canada invitera des
représentantsdélus des gouvernenents du
tetritoire du Yukon et des territoires

do Nord-Ouest 3 participer aux travaux
relatifs 5 toute question placée a l’ordre

du jour de la qonffirence convoquée en vertu du

paraqraphe (1) et qui. selon lui. intaraaqe

directement le territoife du Yukon et les

territoires du Nord~Ouest.

Le premier ministre du Canada et les premiers
ninistres provinciaux déposeront on feront ‘
deposef avant 1e 193 décembre 1983, devant

lo sénat et la Chambre des oommunes et devant

vies assemb1ees_1égis1atives respectivement, une
résolution; établie en la forme de celle qui figure
5 l“annene;auto;isant le gouverneur général
5 prendre sous ;e grand sceau du Canada une.
qoroclamatdon portant modification de la goi

‘consfiitutIonnelle’deC1§82.

5. En vue de la preparation des conférences consti~

tutionneiles prévues par le présent accord, des
réunions}. convoquées au moins une fois par an ‘par le ‘
gouwaamment dufkmama.senxu:temxfiiregmmmentéks.afinhmzes
fédéraux et.proMinciaux, ainsi que les representants

des peuples ‘autochtcnes du Canada et des representants

élus des gouvernemsnts du territoire,du Yukon et des

te:fiHxfixes<m1Nbn&{mest. L 1|.» 1 L . n.. E J‘. nnW1Lmfl_ .nema 0% oHHmsomwusuwum:ou-woH ma ow ao«uwuwHmHou:w.H M HomoHmc.ow ummmo noon mom o.: uuodom wswmwwm on .5 .mmamomm mm0.uo mwmsuu Jw.uqmaw:Mm¢wmM.oH mnumw .oHuw.H mo mmnawummomdm so..mmw:oE moaohwu IWHHQ nmowuum Nam musflmuum Hmuuom ow uwmmm room. men n .s wnooom .usom.m.um do .:o.mms.aU.s.o..u on .m._..Homwwmu . .. muuoo nfimw wWnnOw#¢mfl“m0HmdWA_mmHafi&mWWWmWU\fiw U u:mam:Hmafiom.ww Wm u:mEoHumm.0H 0Hu:o.Mmuwwmw M uamaamu Inou um wumaxm use wow mouwwnuowuumm msowumamu Nam um hmma mo oaaossowusuwumnoo won ma on Hm oaowuum.H we vN.0HHOmW#NU ma mo ouno> so usmamaumm so msHo>w©
mosmummeoo on m oummw so .usmaoumw~oomuuom moan
.mmsounoounm mmamsom muwawo moa um mu:oEm:um>=om
H 0Hu:m.m0u:0uno.w nowmsnocoo on do smmuuflm

so mmaouwumawn .msofimmaomwm mom uoomumamn mm :0

Hwsoawnm mo umumo HDOQ mom 5.: vmooom ucmmwum 0: .w

teenage +:e ::

,1 1

ll: 4.“

1 L ‘I H11 .1 In L,..m;.u|11,

I. . in milk hLl|1L M

Signed at Ottawa this 16th day

Q

”Fait_§ Ottawa la 16 mars ISE

015 Maréha 1983 by the Government ‘par le gouvernement du Canaé

of Canada and the provincial

governments:

Québec

X

6’

Nova Scotia
Nouvelle-ficosse

\

Q

New Brunswick
– Nouveau-Brunswick

AND WITH THE PARTICIPATION 0?:

et les gouvernements proninc

I

British Columbia
Colombie-Britannique

1 U

Newfoundland .
Terra-Neuve

ET AVEC LA PARTICIPATION DE:

0

(

Assembly of First

Nations
Assemblée des-

Premieres Nations

ative Coun 1
Canada

Conseil des
Autochtones du
Canada

Of

Inuit Committee on
National Issues Ralliement natior

comite inuit sur les ‘ des Métis

Affaires nationales

fl/Mm.’ 7524;.

Yukon Territory Noruhfiest Territc
Territoire du Territoires du’
Yukon Nord~0uest

H“

Mu i in am]: vulI|lL

1 I1 .1

ttliuuhuml ‘“lll‘ A‘

SCHEDULE

Motion for 8 Resolution to authorire His
Excellency the Governor General to issue
It proclamation respecting amcndmcms to
the Constitution of Canada

Whereas the C onstltulion Act. I982 pro-
vides that an amendment to the Constitution
of Canada may be made by proclamation
issued by the Governor General under the
Great Seal of Canada where so authorized
by resolutions of the Senate and House of
Commons and resolutions of the legislative
assemblies as provided for in sections 38 and
4! thereof;

And Whereas the Constitution of Canada.
reflecting the country and Canadian society.
continues to develop and strengthen the
rights and freedoms that it guarantees: .

And Whereas. after a gradual transition of
Canada from colonial status to the status of
an independent and sovereign state, Canadi-
ans have. as of April l7. 1982. full authority

_ to amend their Constitution in Canada;

‘And Whereas historically and equitablv it ‘

– is fitting that the early ‘exercise

of that full
authority should relate to the rights and
freedoms of the first inhabitants of Canada.
the aboriginal peoples:

new Therefore the [C-enat_e7 ‘
£1-louse o_§_ Conunon_s7_ ‘Q.-e‘g.i.s1a._:l:i.1r_e__
asseanblyj resolves that His

1 Excellency the Governor General
‘ be‘ authorized to ‘issue a
. proclamation under the Great – ~.:

seal of Canada -amending the
Constitution of Canada as
follows :_ _

f

– ., Ptioct.AMA.’rtoN AMENDING ‘rue

. CONSTITUTION OF CANADA .

1. Paragraph 225(1)). of the
Constitution Act, 1982 is.
repealed and the following
substituted therefor:

“(bl any rights or

freedoms that exist by
way of land agreerrents
or may be so acquired”.

2. Section 35 Of the
Constitution Act; 3932 5-9
amended by adding thereto the
following subsections:

M3) For greater certainty,

‘in subsection (1) ‘”treN’—Y
r:l.ght9″_ includes rights that ‘
now exist by way of land claims
agreements or may be 50
acquired .

Annexe

Motion de résolutiori autorisant Son Excel.
lcflcc 16 gouverneur général it prendre une
proclztmation portant modification cl: 3;
Constitution du Canada

Considérant :

que la -loi consrfturiannelle de 1982 pg-E.
volt que la Constitution du Canada peut
etre modifiée par proclamation du gouvc;-..
neur général sous le grand sceau du
Canada. autorisée par des resolutions :1“
Sénat ct de la Chambre des communes et
par des résolutions d_es asscmblécs législa-‘
tives dans les conditions prévues aux arti-
cles 38 ct 4l;

que la Constitution du Canada. 5 |’image
do pays et de la soeiété canadienne. est en
perpétuel devenir dans l’al’i’ermissernent ”
des droits et libertés qu‘elle garantit:

‘ que les Canadiens. aprés la longue évolu; ‘-
tion de leur pays de simple colonic 5 état
indépendant et souverain, ont, depuis le l7
avril I982. tout pouvoir pour modifier leur
Constitution au Canada;

qua rhistoire et Péquité dexnandent
que l’tr.e des premieres mnifestations
deoepouvoirportesurlesdtoitset
libertes des peuples autochtcnes

du Canada, peerniers habitent: do pays,’-

Lle séna_t_/ 4 la Chambre des
commune_§7 LI”assemblée législativg
a résolu d‘ autoriser.

Son Excellence le gouverneur –
général 5 prendre, sous le grand
_sceau du Canada, une proclamation
modifiant la Constitution ‘do Canaé
comme 5.1 suit: I ‘ -”

PROCLAMATION MODIFIANT LA
CONSTITUTION DU CANADA

1. znaisnéa 2s_1_:_) do ia ;._9_5,_
‘constitutionnslle do 1982 est
‘ abrogé eti remplacé par ce qui
suit: ‘ . – –

¢_1_>_) aux droits ou libertés
existants issus d’accords de
revendications territoriales ou
ceux susceptibles d’$.ti:e.a:i.nsi
– acquis’L’5>

2. L’article 35 de la _I_._o_§._
constitutionnslle de 1982 est
modifié par adjonction de ce qu
suit:

43(3). 11 est entendu que sont
compris parmi les droits
issus de traités, dont il

est fait re.-aetonau paras?!‘
PM (1), 1c: droits existants

issus c1’accords de revendi.–_
cations tcrritoriaies on
.ceu5c snsceptibles dӎtre
ainsi acquis.

, ,;_ ‘==__ :12; .4 :2 _ 4 _

ii ‘1 HM i ll‘ unllh iiuii: iiltw -.1.

‘Aboriginal
and treaty
.rights are
guaranteed
equally to
– both sexes

Commitment to
constitutions
conference

-3-

(4) Indépendamment do ,.
touts autre disposition do ‘
~ Ia présentc 105., les ‘
droits – ancestraux on
issus de traités – visés
an paragraphe (1) sang
garantis également aux
personnes des deuaé sexes

(4.!) Notwithstanding any other
Prozésion of this Act, the
aboriginal and treaty rights
referred to in subsection (1)

areékarmunedtrwarurtoxmde
and1%mdk:pmnmnsJ’

‘ 3. The said Act is further amended by 3- ‘:3 ’T’e‘“° 1°‘ C5‘ “‘°dmé° Par insertion.
adding thereto, immediately after section 35 “”35 ‘3″”°i° 35- dc *7‘ ‘ll’; 5″“ 1
thereof, the following section: . ~

“35,1 Thg ggycmmcm of Canada and -35.1 Les gouvcrncmenls fédérnl ct pro-

1 the provincial governments are committed “i‘:‘°i“}“” 50’“ “(=3 P3’ r°”838¢m¢M dc
; to the principle that, before any amend- i”‘”‘°‘P° 531°“ ii-“luci 19 Pfemi-‘2! ministre
mm is made to Class 24 of section 9! of d” C‘”’_”~d3~ “’3”! ‘W10 modification dc la

{fig Cam-mmian A“ 53.57. to section 25 cstégorze 24 de l’article 9! de la Loi cons-

of this Agt 0; to this part, tiruriatmelie de 1867. de l’article 25 dc la

(0) a constitutional confetence that presentc lo: ou de la préscntc partic:

Constitutional
conferences

_ includes in its agenda an item relating to
the proposed amendment. composed of
the Prime Minister of Canada and the
first ministers of the provinces, will be
convened by the Prime Minister of
Canada; and
(b) the Prime Minister of Canada will
invite representatives of the aboriginal
peoples of Canada to participate in the
discussions on that item.”

4 . The said Act is further amended by;
adding thereto, immediately after section 37
thereof. the following Part:

– – “l‘AR1lVl-i

(‘(lN!~i’l’l’i’llT l()NAl. ( ()NFi€RiiN(‘i’.S

37.311) In addition to the

couture.-race com».-no-d in March 1983,

at least two constitu-

tional conferences composed of the

Prime Minister of Canada and the
first ministers of the provinces

Participation of
aboriginal
peoples

‘articipation of
crritories

Non-
derogation

shall be convened by the Prime
Minister of Canada. the first
within three years after

April )7. 1982 and the second
within five years after that
date .

. tr) oonvoquera_ une conference constitu-
tsonnellc réumssant les premiers minis-

tres provinciaux ct lui-meme ct compor- .

tant 1 son ordre du jour la question du
projet dc modification: . ’ –

b) invitera les representants da peuples
autochtcnes du Canada it participer aux
travaux relatifs 5 cette question}

4. La meme loi est modifies par insertion,
nprés l’article 37, de ce qui suit :

¢PARTiE W.l

(‘ONFERENC‘lES C‘ONSTlTU1’lONNEl.l.l-IS

37.1(1) En sus de la conférence
convoquée en mars 1983, le premier

ministre du Canada convoque au.

moins deux conférences constitu-

tionnelles réunissant: les premiers
ministres provinciaux et lui-nféme.

its premiere dans les trois ans

et. la seconds dans les cinq ans

suivant 1e 17‘ avril‘ 1982 .

_ . (2) Sent placécs 5 l’ordre du jour dc cha- an
(2) 35365 C0ni¢’°”°”-‘ °°’“””°9 ‘i“d” sub‘ cune des conferences wsées an paragraphc M,
acctioftyl 55,3“ 333″ i’’°’‘-‘d°d “‘ ‘“ “‘“’”d‘’ (If less questions constitutionncllcs qui inn’:-
°°n-‘ tut‘-033-1 matters ‘ l I 3-assent directement les peuples nulochloncs
that directly affect the nbnrigina menus on emier
Canada, and the Prim: 11 Ca‘_str1adae..&1 invite
Minister of Canadfiisez of muleursu représentants 5
invite represents vti 1 _ciper aux travaux
those peoples t0 P375 c ” Peru. .. Stions__
pate in the discussions on relatifs a ces que ‘ . .
those matters . (3) Le premier ministre du Canada some 3:

(3) The Prime Minislcr of Canada shall
onvnc clccted representatives 65 li!¢ 8°V¢f0‘
moms of the Yukon ‘lc;ritory and the hiorlht
M-_.,; 1¢m;o;i¢; xo participate in the discus-
sions on any item on the 385″“? °f 3
conicrcnce convened under subsection (ll
that in the opinion of the Prime Minister.
directly affects me)/:‘x&nu Tcmtorv and “W
Northwest TCl’I’I!0fl€.\o ‘

(4) Nothing in this section
shall be construed so as to

derogate from subsection

des rcpréscntunts éius des gouvcrm‘-mcms £3″
territoirc du Yukon ct des lcrriioifl‘-‘i I50
Nord-Ouc-st ii participer aux travaux relatifs
i toutc question plucéc 2’: l’ordre du jour des
conferences visécs nu p¢Ir=\8fi!Ph° 0) ‘i, Q!”-
selon iui intéressc directement lc lcrmolrc
dn Yukon et les territoires du Nord-Oucsh

4, Le pxésent article n’a Non‘-

C

pas pour effet de déroger derog

au.paragraphe 35(1).)7

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